Clinical trials incorporating treatment selection at pre-specified interim analyses allow to integrate two clinical studies into a single, confirmatory study. In an adaptive interim analysis, treatment arms are selected based on interim data as well as external information. The specific selection rule does not need to be pre-specified in advance in order to control the multiple type I error rat...

We consider the class of Bayesian environments with independent types, and utility functions which are both quasi-linear in a private good and linear in a one-dimensional private-value type parameter. We call these independent linear environments. For these environments, we fully characterize interim efficient allocation rules which satisfy interim incentive compatibility and interim individual...

In a finitely repeated principal agent relationship with adverse selection I study (exogenous) interim information that is revealed during a long term relationship. Interim information mitigates adverse selection. Verifiability, measured by the cost of signal manipulation, and the signal’s informativeness determine the use and effectiveness of interim information: Less precise and more manipula...

We formalize a solution concept called interim partially correlated rationalizability (IPCR), which was implicitly discussed in both Ely and Peski (2006) and Dekel et al. (2007). IPCR allows for interim correlations, i.e., correlations that depend on opponents’ types but not on the state of nature. As a direct extension of Ely and Peski’s main result, we show that hierarchies of beliefs over co...

During a period of substantial regulatory change, as in the case of network unbundling in telecommunications, regulators often face the challenge of setting “interim” rates for services. How, in the face of inherently imperfect information and the need to proceed according to what is invariably an expeditious plan of deregulation or industry restructuring, can the regulator select an interim ra...

We prove the existence of a greatest and a least interim Bayesian Nash equilibrium for supermodular games of incomplete information. There are two main differences from the earlier proofs in Vives (1990) and Milgrom and Roberts (1990): (a) we use the interim formulation of a Bayesian game, in which each player’s beliefs are part of his or her type rather than being derived from a prior; (b) we ...

Dental implants have become a popular treatment modality for replacing missing teeth. In this regard, the importance of restoring patients with function during the implant healing period has grown in recent decades. Esthetic concerns, especially in the anterior region of the maxilla, should also be considered until the definitive restoration is delivered. Another indication for such restoration...

The first-in-patient study for olokizumab (OKZ) employed model-based, optimal design and adaptive execution to define the concentration-C-reactive protein (CRP) suppression response. Modeling and exploratory statistics activities involved: reverse engineering of first-in-class (tocilizumab) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models, adaptation of models to OKZ with a priori knowledge and p...

Signed digit (SD) number systems provide the possibility of constant-time addition, where inter-digit carry propagation is eliminated. Such carry-free addition is primarily a three-step process; adding the equally weighted SDs to form the primary sum digits, decomposing the latter to interim sum digits and transfer digits, which commonly belong to {–1, 0, 1}, and finally adding the tra...