We designed class I/II hybrid inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides (iODNs), called iSG, and found that the sequence 5'-TTAGGG-3', which has a six-base loop head structure, and a 3'-oligo (dG)3-5 tail sequence are important for potent immunosuppressive activity. Interestingly, splenocytes isolated from ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice and treated with iSG3 showed suppression of not only interleukin (I...

Purpose To explore the variability in interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion in human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs), the effects of IL-12 on HCF viability and migration, and the effects of recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (rhTGF-β1) and moxifloxacin (MOX) on IL-12 expression. Methods IL-12 secretion in 27 primary HCFs incubated with rhTGF-β1 and/or MOX was analyzed using immunoblotting....

Background: The immunopathogenesis of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well understood. Methods: We studied the cytokine profile in pre-treatment serum specimens of 19 pediatric MS patients, 25 adult MS patients, and 22 ageand gender-matched pediatric healthy controls. In addition to IL-2, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β-1, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, I...

PURPOSE. Interleukin (IL)-12p40 can couple with IL-12p35 or p19 chains to form the molecules IL-12p70 and IL-23, respectively, which promote T(H)1 cytokine responses. IL-12p35 can bind to EBI3 to form the anti-inflammatory molecule IL-35, but a proinflammatory function of IL-12p35 independent of IL-12p40 has not been described. Here such a function in a mouse model of herpes stromal keratitis (...

CD40 ligand (CD40L) transduction of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) can result in antigen-specific humoral immune responses even in CD4(+) T-cell-depleted settings. Here, we show that CD40L transduction of DCs results in the induction of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), IL-12p70, and IL-23. Using DCs that were deficient in IL-12p40, IL-12p35, or IL-23p19, we show that these molecules are disp...

There is growing evidence that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) can induce allergic diseases with increased IgE production and preferential activation of Th2 cells. To clarify the cellular basis of the role of DEP in the induction of Th2-dominant responses, we examined the effects of DEP on the cytokine production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 Ab and on that by monocyte-derived dendrit...