Both authors contributed equally to the paper. We are grateful to Jerry Davis, Ranjay Gulati, Paul Hirsch, Willie Ocasio. Toby Stuart, Brian Uzzi, and seminar participants at Carnegie Mellon University, the Harvard Business School, and UCLA for comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. The paper has also benefited from the helpful comments of Mark Mizruchi and the anonymous re...

Interfirm networks are one of the core modes of corporate governance. However, its formation mechanism is not clearly and adequately delineated. This article highlights the significance of property rights to the formation mechanism of interfirm networks. Using interlocking directorate data from Chinese listed companies during the years 2000–2010, we investigate the association between ownership...

We thank the patients who took part in the RECORD study, without whose help this study would not have been possible. The MRC funded the central organisation of RECORD, and Shire Pharmaceuticals funded the drugs, which were cofunded and manufactured by Nycomed. However, the trial was conducted, analysed and reported independently of all funders. The Health Services Research Unit is core funded b...

Objective: This paper has the purpose to discuss how corporate networks’ big linkers constitute a development opportunity area in Latin America. Method: We employ qualitative analysis that blends social networks literature and builds on interlocking directorates (IntDs) theory with fascinating case study labeled ‘Patient 31’ phenomenon occurred during coronavirus outbreak South Korea. Main resu...

This paper discusses the possibility to create railway interlocking software in an automated process. The classic approaches are interlocking tables or relay modules. In the case of using interlocking tables, they form the core of the signal box. This means ideally that two signal boxes differ only by their interlocking tables. The major disadvantage of interlocking tables is the massive manual...

Interlocking tables are the functional specification defining the routes, on which the passage of the train is allowed. Associated with the route, the states and actions of all related signalling equipment are also specified. This paper formally models the interlocking tables using Coloured Petri Nets (CPN). The CPN model comprises two parts: Signaling Layout and Interlocking Control. The Signa...

OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of activities to promote routine prophylaxis to prevent thromboembolism is difficult to assess because information about the prevalence of prophylaxis is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis for patients at risk in general medicine, general surgery, orthopaedics and gynaecology in Scotland and the North ...

What role do social clubs play in the facilitation of cooperative relationships between economic actors? By studying historical networks investment bankers United States pre-World War II, we propose that ties form shared club memberships facilitate strategic creation interfirm and intrafirm cohesion guides transactions. The focus our paper is New York firm J. P. Morgan & Co., leading Americ...

Polyrotaxane metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) have attracted considerable attention due to their aesthetic topologies and potential biological applications. In this paper, we synthesized two kinds of hcb networks with nanoscale macrocycles. The hcb networks interlocked with each other in inclined and parallel interlocking modes respectively, giving rise to two new PMOFs, {[Ni(DPDBT)(bdc)]·(H2O)...