The mechanistic pathway of TEMPO/I₂-mediated oxidative cyclization of N,N-diaryl amino alcohols 1 was investigated. Based on direct empirical experiments, three key intermediates (aminium radical cation 3, α-aminoalkyl radical 4, and iminium 5), four types of reactive species (radical TEMPO, cationic TEMPO, TEMPO-I, and iodo radical), and three types of pathways ((1) SET/PCET mechanism; (2) HAT...

The concept of the spin-correlated radical pair has been used for some time in the interpretation of the results of magnetic polarization experiments in NMR and in ESR (CIDNP and CIDEP), and of the effects of magnetic fields on chemical reactions. It has, however, a much wider general significance as a reaction intermediate in all radical reactions, including photochemistry. Here the nature of ...

PURPOSE Robot-assisted surgery has been rapidly adopted in the U.S. for prostate cancer. Its adoption has been driven by market forces and patient preference, and debate continues regarding whether it offers improved outcomes to justify the higher cost relative to open surgery. We examined the comparative effectiveness of robot-assisted vs open radical prostatectomy in cancer control and surviv...

This meta-analysis reviewed 11 articles regarding radical-based instruction strategies and synthesized their results to investigate the effect of on improving radical awareness character meaning production among CFL (Chinese as a Foreign Language) learners. The overall demonstrated that had significant associated with production. Furthermore, differences effectiveness were also examined between...

A method is provided for preparing benzoprostacyclins by the free-radical-catalyzed tandem alkene insertion into a 1,4-bisoxy-substituted cyclopent-2-ene intermediate.

Both compounds were prepared via a common intermediate. The key features included the direct synthesis of the indan skeleton and the radical addition to a quinone.

BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTC) predict overall survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The objective of this study is to measure CTC before radical prostatectomy in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study accrued 12 patients and 10 provided adequate peripheral blood sample. Blood was drawn preoperatively and assayed for CTC...