Aerodynamic roughness (AR) is an important parameter that influences the momentum and energy exchange between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. In this study, profile wind data observed during the vegetation growing period (April–September) in 2013 and 2014 at the A’rou grassland station, which is in the upstream of the Heihe River Basin (HRB), were used to determine the relationship betw...

Pavement condition largely determines its long-term behavior and is of paramount importance for rehabilitation maintenance management. The use non-destructive testing (NDT) systems to assess pavement has gained much popularity. Often, well-known NDT are combined take full advantage the capabilities each system. Combining independent optimize assessment process a scientific challenge. With this ...

[1] Vegetation roughness, and more specifically forest roughness, is a necessary component in better defining flood dynamics both in the sense of changes in river catchment characteristics and the dynamics of forest changes and management. Extracting roughness parameters from riparian forests can be a complicated process involving different components for different required scales and flow dept...

We obtained quantitative values of all significant parameters describing the roughness of Fe-Cr superlattices, both in the lateral and growth directions, by statistical analysis of energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy images using cross section samples. These results are in good agreement with the complementary low-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The interface roughness of sput...

Evaluating existing flexible pavement condition is a pre-requisite to choose improvement technique that has to be adopted to enhance its quality. To evaluate existing pavements, non-destructive testing methods are desirable. Benkelman Beam and 5th Wheel Bump Integrator are used to conduct non-destructive tests like deflection and roughness surveys on the existing pavement of 4 lane divided carr...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of intraocular lenses (IOLs) generated by the manufacturing process and to determine the roughness parameters of 3D surface using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Intraocular lenses commercially available from a single manufacturer: Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. were investigated. Three intraocular lenses, model 911A CeeOn Edge, were analyzed o...

An air–sea interaction model that includes turbulent transport due to capillary waves (surface ripples) is developed. The model differs from others in that the physical premises are applicable to low wind speeds (10-m wind speed, U10 , 5 m s21) as well as higher wind speeds. Another new feature of the model is an anisotropic roughness length, which allows a crosswind component of the stress to ...

The Colorado State University standard mesoscale model is used to evaluate the sensitivity of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) fields to differences in surface-layer parameterization “constants”. Such differences reflect the range in the published values of the von Karman constant, Monin-Obukhov stability functions and the temperature roughness length at the surface. The sensitivit...