Abstract Human lifespan increments represent one of the main current risks for governments and pension health benefits providers. Longevity societies imply financial sustainability challenges to guarantee adequate socioeconomic conditions all individuals a longer period. Consequently, modelling population dynamics projecting future longevity scenarios are vital tasks policymakers. As an answer,...

Data envelopment analysis is a method for evaluating the relative efficiency of a collection of decision making units. The DEA classic models calculate each unit’s efficiency in the best condition, meaning that finds a weight that the DMU is at its maximum efficiency. In this paper, utilizing the directional distance function model in the presence of undesirable outputs, the efficiency of each ...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a non-parametric method for evaluating the relative technical efficiency for each member of a set of peer decision making units (dmus) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. the original dea models use positive input and output variables that are measured on a ratio scale, but these models do not apply to the variables in which interval scale data can appe...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique for measuring the efficiency of decision making units. In all models of the DEA, for each unit under assessment, the numerical efficiency is obtained which may be less than or equal to one. Given the possible large number of functional units, we use various ranking methods for evaluating units. One of the rating methods is Balance index and Topsis....