Marntell S. 2004. Sedation and dissociative anaesthesia in the horse. Physiological and clinical aspects. Doctoral dissertation. The overall aim of this investigation was to study the effects of different drug combinations for premedication and dissociative anaesthesia, to examine their suitability for field conditions and their ability to maintain cardiorespiratory function and provide suffici...

OBJECTIVES Studies correlating the arterial partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of nonaerated lung assessed by CT shunt yielded inconsistent results. We systematically analyzed this relationship and scrutinized key methodological factors that may compromise it. We hypothesized that both physiological shunt and the ratio between PaO2 and the fraction of inspired oxygen enable estimation o...

OBJECTIVE To determine the importance of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary vascular dilations (PVD) in patients with severe hepatic diseases, eligible for transplantation. METHODS Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with second harmonic imaging was performed in 76 patients, among them 32 patients were consecutively undergone to a transesophageal study (ETE). Echoca...

A congenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV) is a rare disorder that may lead to an intrapulmonary shunt. A 14-year-old male with CAPV underwent living donor liver transplantation with a left lobe graft from his father. The portal vein reconstruction was achieved with a renoportal anastomosis using an interpositional graft from the native collateral vein, because portal venous system directly...

Continuous negative chest-wall pressure (CNP) was used to treat five children, 4 to 11 years of age, who had progressively severe respiratory distress caused by Pneumocystis carinii penumonitis. After initial improvement, two patients developed progressive increases in respiratory rate, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt, and hypoxia. The disease ended fatally...

Decreased oxygenation of arterial blood has been recognized as a postoperative complication of major surgery since the report in 1943 by Maier and Cournand (1). Subsequent studies confirmed their finding by demonstrating low arterial oxygen saturation or tension, particularly after thoracic and cardiac surgery (2-6). These findings suggest increased physiologic shunting (or intrapulmonary venou...

Atelectasis caused by lung injury leads to increased intrapulmonary shunt, venous admixture, and hypoxaemia. Lung recruitment manoeuvres aim to quickly reverse this scenario by applying increased airway pressures for a short period of time which meant to open the collapsed alveoli. Although the procedure can improve oxygenation, but due to the heart-lung and right and left ventricle interaction...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute increases in pulmonary vascular pressures, caused by the application of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP), on exercise alveolar-to-arterial PO2 difference (A-aDO2), anatomical intrapulmonary (IP) shunt recruitment, and ventilation. Eight healthy men performed graded upright cycling to 90% maximal oxygen uptake under normal conditi...

Intrapulmonary arteriovenous (IPAV) shunting has been shown to occur at rest in some subjects breathing a hypoxic gas mixture [fraction of inspired oxygen (FI(O(2))) = 0.12] for brief periods of time. In the present study we set out to determine if IPAV shunting could be induced at rest in all subjects exposed to hypoxia for 30 min. Twelve subjects (6 women) breathed four levels of hypoxia (FI(...