Since last decade, many methods with appropriate measures are proposed in knowledge discovery in databases. These measures aim at both improving the quality of mined association rules and reducing the problem of many nested rules. This paper presents a new statistical Implication Oriented Normalized measure, denoted ION. ION turns to be a unifying framework for several probabilistic measures of...

Novel fluorescent probes have been developed for the ultratrace detection of heavy metal ions by capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection. Based on a molecular design, the probes are composed of an octadentate chelating moiety, a macrocyclic DOTA (tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid) and an acyclic DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) frame, a spacer and a flu...

A statistical study of ®eld-aligned electron beams associated with up ̄owing ion conics is presented from Exos-D (Akebono) observations below 10 000 km. The electron beams are narrowly collimated along the ®eld line and generally have energies of several tens of eV. They are divided in the analysis into three types: up ̄owing, down ̄owing, and counterstreaming. All the types of electron beams are ...

There is a biomedical need to develop molecular recognition systems that selectively target the interfaces of protein and lipid aggregates in biomembranes. This is an extremely challenging problem in supramolecular chemistry because the biological membrane is a complex dynamic assembly of multifarious molecular components with local inhomogeneity. Two simplifying concepts are presented as a fra...

Problem statement: In order to reveal the missing genetic component of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) susceptibility, we carried out a genome-wide high-order epistatic interaction study for RA. Approach: A powerful Bayesian strategy was applied to analyze the data of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) from the Welcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC), where 319 high-order interactions were ...

Pair association in Ionic Liquids is an important quantity that affects many of their physical and chemical properties. However, the association constant is a complex function of the component ions as well as of the solvent environment, and no single theory can compute or predict it with quantitative accuracy. In this work we analyze infinite-dilution association data from a number of recent co...