Five new triterpenes, one 17,14-friedolanostane (garcihombronane F, 1), three 17,13-friedolanostanes (garcihombronanes G-I, 2-4), and one lanostane (garcihombronane J, 5), were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia hombroniana together with nine known compounds including five triterpenes, two ionone-derived glycosides, and two flavonoid glucosides. Their structures were identified by analysis of...

• Norisoprenoids are important compounds that contribute to the aroma of wines. Examples of norisoprenoids are ß-ionone and ß-damascenone , which contribute intense fruity aromas; TDN (trimethyldihydro-naphtalene), which contributes the typical kerosene, or petrol, note in wines (in high concentrations, TDN may be considered a defect); and actinidol and vitispirane , which contribute other comp...

A fast and simple method for authenticating raspberry flavors from food products was developed. The two enantiomers of the compound (E)-α-ionone from raspberry flavor were separated on a chiral gas chromatographic column. Based on the ratio of these two enantiomers, the naturalness of a raspberry flavor can be evaluated due to the fact that a natural flavor will consist almost exclusively of th...

A convenient synthesis of 3,4-didehydroretinal was developed. The Horner-Emmons reaction between 3,4-didehydro-beta-ionone and diphenyl phosphonate in the presence of crown ether gave the retinonitrile as an isomeric mixture, in which the newly produced double bond was predominantly 11Z-form. After separation of the 11Z-form retinonitrile, it was converted into the corresponding retinal in good...

All-trans retinoic acid (10) was synthesized by β-ionone (5) through knoevenagel condensation, reduction and hydrolysis reaction. Then, hydroxyl-pinacolone retinoate (11) prepared the esterification with 1-hydroxy- 3, 3-dimethylbutan-2-ketone. This route not only reduces synthesis steps but also helps to increase yield. The structure of product characterized 1 H NMR 13 C NMR.