Contrary to common sense, the population aging process is due to the decline in fertility rather than mortality. The aging process began around the end of the 19th century in a number of Western European countries, expanded to the rest of the so-called First World over the past century, and reached several Third World countries afterwards, including Brazil over the last decades. In the Brazilia...

BACKGROUND In 2013 a draft population bill was introduced in the Iranian Parliament. Based on the presumption that fertility in Iran had fallen to a very low level, the bill proposed a wide range of pronatalist policies with the aim of increasing fertility to 2.5 births per woman. The draft law called for restrictions on the employment of women and young single people and inducements for women ...

Bangladesh. Stud Fam Plann 1988; 19: 313–334. 23 Caldwell P, Caldwell J. What does the Matlab fertility experience really show? Stud Fam Plann 1992; 23: 292–310. 24 Haaga JG, Maru RM. The effect of operations research on program changes in Bangladesh. Stud Fam Plann 1991; 27: 76–87. 25 Jain A. Fertility reduction and the quality of family planning services. Stud Fam Plann 1989; 20: 1–16. 26 Fre...

background and aim: iran has experienced a great variation in women's status in recent years. there is a little knowledge on how and why advancing gender equality and equity and the empowerment of women play a role in recent fertility reduction in the country. this study was conducted to gain insight into the role of gender beliefs and women's empowerment in the couples 'experien...

Introduction Taiwan experienced and completed demographic transition during the twentieth century. The mortality started a steady decline trend in 1920s (Barclay 1954, Wang 1986, Chen, 1979). Since then, the population grew rapidly with an accelerated speed without check of fertility decrease. The fertility level approached its peak in 1950s, reaching a TFR of 7 per woman and crude birth rates ...

Background and Aim: Iran has experienced a great variation in women's status in recent years. There is a little knowledge on how and why advancing gender equality and equity and the empowerment of women play a role in recent fertility reduction in the country. This study was conducted to gain insight into the role of gender beliefs and women's empowerment in the couples 'experiences of fertilit...