objective(s): the aim of study was to determine history of genitourinary diseases in war related bilateral lower limb amputees who were injured during iran-iraq war (1980-1988).   methods: subjects with war related bilateral lower limb amputation (335 persons) were examined by two physicians for any history of genitourinary diseases and their documents were reviewed.   results: the mean age was...

eight years of sacred defense of iran against saddam hussein's baath regime has been studied from different perspectives. meanwhile, western analysts also have discussed this war from their own point of view which can be important and worthy in its own turn. now that many years have passed from the termination of iraq war against iran, reviewing and analyzing this war can expose many negle...

Missile injuries of the kidney are rare even in wartime. Of 4500 patients admitted to the Ghaem Medical Center in the first two years of the Iran-Iraq war, only 96 had injuries of the genitourinary tract (2.1 %) and only 35 involved the kidney usually with multiple injuries to other viscera. The mortality for those with urogenital injuries was 8.3% (compared with World War I, 60% and World...

background: personnel of military forces have close contact with natural habitat and usually encounter with bite of arthropods and prone to be infected with arthropod borne diseases. the imposed war against iran was one of the most important and the longest war in the middle east and even in the world and military people faced various diseases. the aim of this study was to review prevalence of ...

Iran is an actual neighboring state of Afghanistan and shares a long border 936 km. critical country with stakes in historical, cultural, economic, linguistic ties. After the withdrawal Soviet troops, civil war erupted Afghanistan; as result war, Taliban emerged supported Northern Alliance against militants. Tehran considered regime threat to its national security because follows Sunni sect Isl...

although the shelling and bombing against the residential areas have been prohibited in the international law, the iraqi regime used these tools frequently to advance its military and political strategy. these attacks were escalated after the kheibar operation. this article considers the definitions and concepts of the war of the cities and then studies the trend of this war during the iran-ira...

How was life expectancy in Iran affected by the Islamic Revolution and subsequent war with Iraq? This study examines joint effect of regime change against Iraq on between 1978 1988. If there had been no revolution Iran, how would Iranians have developed? To answer this question, we use a synthetic control model to construct counterfactual based weighted average other comparable countries, which...