BACKGROUND Measuring and comparing grip and pinch strengths with their normative data is a valid method to detect intensity of the numerous damages of hand. This research was carried out with the aim of establishing normative data of grip strength and three types of pinch strengths (Tip, Key and Palmar) in healthy Iranian adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the study population was...

Background: Blunt traumatic cervical spine fractures (TCSF) are serious injuries which may be associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. We describe the epidemiology of blunt traumatic cervical spine fracture in Iran over a definable time period. Methods: in a cross-sectional study, the data including the distribution of TCSF, demographics, mechanisms, abbreviated injury scale (AIS),...

BACKGROUND The recognition of road traffic noise as one of the main sources of environmental pollution has led to develop models that enable to predict noise level from fundamental variables. Traffic noise prediction models are required as aids for designing roads and highways. In addition, sometimes are used in the assessment of existing or envisaged changes in traffic noise conditions. In thi...

INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a critical period of transition from childhood to adulthood. In today's world, to pass through this period successfully it is necessary to have adequate information and knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues. In Iran, it is crucial that special attention be paid to reproductive health services for adolescents, especially for girls. PURPOSE This...

identity is one of the focal concepts and ideas for any human being. any kind of activity carried out by human is an attempt to gain identity which his weltanschauung-oriented ideals determine for him. contemplating the significance and inner nature of objects and actions can function as one of the most important creators of the identity of the individual, society, and the city. different faces...

introduction : as the result of epidemiological transition and aging of iranian population, the frequencies of systemic diseases among patients in of need endodontic treatment has increased, especially within developed cities. however, there have been no concise reports of systemic diseases in iranian patients. based on this need, the present investigation was conducted to assess the frequency ...

This paper is a synopsis of the results of a research on the wind catcher, the cooling systems in traditional Iranian architecture which used in cities with hot-dry and hot-humid climates. This review demonstrates wind towers' characteristics with emphasis on their morphology. Different ratios between different elements of wind catcher such as its plan’s length to width, its tower height to she...

one of the main reasons of unsustainability of city development in iran is that planners and mayors have not almost been able to create connections between different dimensions of a city. sustainability indicators are evaluation tools of cities operation applicable in living environmental, economical, and social aspects. the purpose of this paper is to offer a framework including the descriptio...

An earthquake was happened on 23 October 2011 in Van, Turkey (Mw7.2) at the eastern most area of Anatolian plateau and in the neighborhood of Iranian border (West Azerbaijan Province). The study was performed based on field and office observations and has been focused on the process of disaster management in Turkey after the 23 October 2011 earthquake. We surveyed the quake from the view point ...

The traveling salesman problem is a well-known and important combinatorial optimization problem. The goal of this problem is to find the shortest Hamiltonian path that visits each city in a given list exactly once and then returns to the starting city. In this paper, for the first time, the shortest Hamiltonian path is achieved for 1071 Iranian cities. For solving this large-scale problem, two ...