football stadiums are the main infrastructures of this popular sport in every society. it is essential to observe essential standards in these stadiums such as safety, enhancing the quality of competitions, attracting more spectators to the stadium and receiving the host permission for international football competitions and so on. the present study aimed at demonstrating the state of safety of...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job burnout and sources of stress and coping strategies in the referees of iran premier league. 103 referees were selected as the sample. sources of stress inventory (voight, 2009), mbi (maslach & jackson, 1996) and wcq (billings & moos, 1981) were used to collect data. results showed a significant relationship between con...

This article examines the implications for football players of the way in which women’s sport is regularly framed within discourses of sexuality. It focuses on a premier league football team in New Zealand comprised of both homosexually and heterosexually identified women. Interviews with players reveal the extent to which homophobia is associated with women’s experiences of football and is som...

BACKGROUND Prior research has described the anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of professional, collegiate, and high school American football players. Yet, little research has described these factors in American youth football and their potential relationship with injury. PURPOSE To characterize anthropometric and physical performance measures, describe the epidemiology o...

The eight-team Canadian Football League (CFL) features an 18-game regular season played between late June and early November. The regular-season schedule is manually created using an iterative process involving league management, teams, and a television sports broadcaster. We developed a mixed-integer program-driven decision support system that provided league officials with multiple schedule v...

the aim of the present study was to compare and analyze football referees' status in iran and england. this study used factors and variables which affected this issue (assessor scales). method of this research was descriptive and library-based. results showed that iran referee structure was not in accordance with england and more development and variety was observed in england referee stru...