BACKGROUND Multi drug resistant and rifampicin resistant TB patients in India are treated with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended standardized treatment regimens but no guidelines are available for the management of isoniazid (INH) resistant TB patients. There have been concerns that the standard eight-month retreatment regimen being used in India (2H3R3Z3E3S3/1H3R3Z3E3/5H3R3E3; H-...

Isoniazid (INH) is a pro-drug that has been extensively used to treat tuberculosis. INH is activated by the heme enzyme catalase-peroxidase (KatG), but the mechanism of the activation is poorly understood, in part because the INH binding site has not been clearly established. Here, we observed that a single-residue mutation of KatG from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 (SeKatG), W78F, enhances I...

In order to study polymorphisms of the DNA insertion sequence 6110 (IS6110) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from Colombian patients, together with resistance to antituberculous medications in the Department of Quindío, Colombia, a prospective study was conducted using a consecutive sample of 59 patients with symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis whose cases had been confirmed by bac...

Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were used to investigate the role of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2; EC 2.3.1.5) polymorphism on the N-acetylation of isoniazid (INH). NAT2 genotype was determined by Taqman allelic discrimination assay and INH N-acetylation was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. INH N-acetylation rates in vitro exhibited a robust and highly significant (P...

Introduction: Isoniazid (INH) is one of the first-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs that have both bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties depending on rate mycobacterial growth. Several population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models INH were established. This systemic review aims to summarise published PPK parameters in identify covariates influencing models. Method: A search publications for...

The history of tuberculosis treatment has observed sequential development of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs over the decades. Para amino salicylic acid (PAS) and isoniazid (INH) were introduced to reduce the development of streptomycin (SM) resistance, which heralded the era of combination treatment for tuberculosis [1]. Within 20 years, resistance to both INH and SM was already a challe...

Pyrazinoic acid amide, now commonly known under the name Pyrazinamide or PZA and in previous years as Aldinamide, is a nicotinic acid derivative chemically related to isonicotinic acid hydrazide, more commonly designated Isoniazid or INH. A review of the early laboratory studies of PZA is omitted because of space limitations. In brief these studies indicated PZA alone to be a drug of slight to ...

Macrophages undergo apoptosis after infected by Mycobacterium tuber- culosis (M.tb), which is regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and has a direct correlation with killing of intracellular bacilli. In order to clarify the role of isoniazid (INH) in the modulation of macrophages apoptosis and intracellular bacilli replication, we performed the following studies using an INH-resi...

Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH) is caused by mutations in the catalase-peroxidase gene (katG), and within the inhA promoter and/or in structural gene. A small percentage (approximately 10%) of INH-resistant strains do not present mutations in both of these loci. Other genes have been associated with INH resistance including the gene encoding for NADH dehydrogenase (n...

In this study the effect of paracetamol on pharmacokinetics (PK) of isoniazid (INH) in Teddy goats was investigated. INH was administered as a single oral dose at 10 mg/kg body weight to every experimental goat. After a wash out period of 7 days, INH and paracetamol (at the rate of 15 mg/kg body weight) were given simultaneously through oral route for investigation of drug interactions. Both ti...