B lymphocytes originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells through multistep differentiation stages, such as pre-B cells, immature B cells with surface IgM, and mature B cells with surface IgM and IgD . A number of human B cell antigens have been defined by in Abs (I-10) . However, most B cell-specific mAbs, except for antibodies against pl...

Mixed isotype A beta dE alpha d class II molecule-restricted antigen-reactive T cell clones were obtained from (BALB/c x B6E alpha d)F1 mice. These T cell clones responded to keyhole limpet hemocyanin in the presence of (BALB/c x B6E alpha d)F1 but not CBF1 APCs. Both anti-A beta d and anti-E alpha mAbs blocked the proliferative responses of these clones. The frequency of such mixed isotype A b...

Tubulin isotype distribution may play a role in the development of anti-cancer anti-tubulin drug resistance as well as in drug efficacy and specificity. Stepwise selection was used to establish non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) H460 cells resistant to combretastatin A-4 (CA4), paclitaxel or vinblastine. The results demonstrated that the rate of CA4 drug resistance development was slower tha...

Immature bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) are induced to undergo phenotypic maturation and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and IL-10 when pulsed in vitro with intact Streptococcus pneumoniae. After transfer to naive mice, pulsed BMDCs induce immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses specific for both protein and polysaccharide pneumococc...

In a recent article in Blood, Malison et a l l have reported experimental evidence in support of in vivo isotype switching in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The evidence was that freshly isolated sIgM’ sIgGsIgK B-CLL cells nevertheless express IgG and IgA transcripts that have identical VDJ segments and that these cells may be induced in vivo to secrete IgG and IgA. Based on our own...

Resistance to benzimidazoles (BZs) in trichostrongyloid nematodes is a worldwide problem for livestock production, particularly regarding small ruminants. Sensitive and reliable methods are required to assess anthelmintic resistance status. Currently available methods for BZ resistance detection can be divided into three main groups, in vivo (e.g. faecal egg count reduction test), in vitro (e.g...