OBJECTIVES We compared the expelled air dispersion distances during coughing from a human patient simulator (HPS) lying at 45° with and without wearing a surgical mask or N95 mask in a negative pressure isolation room. METHODS Airflow was marked with intrapulmonary smoke. Coughing bouts were generated by short bursts of oxygen flow at 650, 320, and 220L/min to simulate normal, mild and poor c...

Low-frequency variability of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) is studied using observations and a multidecadal (1950–2003) hindcast by a high-resolution (0.1°), eddy-resolving, global ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator (OFES). In both the OFES hindcast and satellite altimeter observations, low-frequency sea surface height (SSH) variability in the North Pacific is high near the K...

BACKGROUND Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) occurs frequently after pediatric cardiac surgery. R-wave synchronized atrial (AVT) pacing is used to re-establish atrioventricular synchrony. AVT pacing is complex, with technical pitfalls. We sought to establish and to test a low-cost simulation model suitable for training and analysis in AVT pacing. METHODS A simulation model wa...

[1] XBT and float data of the World Ocean Database 2005 are used to validate new stationary jet-like features (striations) recently found in the high-resolution mean dynamic ocean topography (MDOT). Two study areas were selected in the eastern parts of the North and South Pacific subtropical gyres free of any strong currents. Appropriate horizontal high-pass filtering applied to the ensemble-me...

New models and capabilities in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s (JPL) Lunar Surface Operations Simulator (LSOS) are reported in this paper. LSOS is a simulator built to support surface operations design and planning for future lunar missions. LSOS models surface systems, their mechanical properties, and operations. In addition to simulating the dynamic interactions during operations, for example...

Failure or degradation of the flight control system, or hull damage, can lead to loss of vehicle control during entry. Possible failure scenarios are debris impact and wing damage that could result in a large aerodynamic asymmetry which cannot be trimmed out without additional yaw control. Currently the space shuttle uses aerodynamic control surfaces and Reaction Control System jets to control ...

A detection scheme based on the artificial immune system (AIS) paradigm was developed for specific classes of aircraft jet engine failures including throttle, burner fuel flow valve, variable nozzle area actuator, variable mixer area actuator, low-pressure spool speed sensor, low-pressure turbine exit static pressure sensor, and mixer pressure ratio sensor. The Modular Aero-Propulsion System Si...

The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a major risk factor for secondary aortopathy such as aortic dilation. The heterogeneous BAV morphotypes [left-right-coronary cusp fusion (LR), right-non-coronary cusp fusion (RN), and left-non-coronary cusp fusion (LN)] are associated with different dilation patterns, suggesting a role for hemodynamics in BAV aortopathogenesis. However, assessment of this theo...