Pectus excavatum is a common thoracic deformity. The main surgical method in early years was Ravitch procedure. Due to the complexity of operation itself, it difficult ensure effect. We recently received 35-year-old male patient with When he 15 old, procedure local hospital for pectus excavatum. postoperative effect not satisfactory, and deformity became worse age. Recently, we performed anothe...

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The link between foreign aid and economic growth remains a controversial issue in the literature, and a large share of the disagreement could be explained by differences in the data employed. Using GDP data from three different versions of the Penn World Table and the World Development Indicators, I investigate the robustness of Juselius, Møller and Tarp (2014)'s (JMT) conclusions about long-ru...

Health as a prerequisite to perform other activities is considered as both consumption and capital commodity. Views on health production may differ. Sometimes, health is assumed as natural endowment, at times, it is generated by the personal efforts, and sometimes physicians and other health providers provide it. This paper aims to identify the factors affecting the production of health. To ana...

rawls’ theory of justice is expressed in a constructivist procedure. he holds that his constructivist procedure is free of metaphysical presuppositions. his constructivist procedure is here pursued in three stages: (1) in a theory of justice, rawls intends to come to moral principles regarding the original position which could even result in other moral principles as well. he also asserts some ...

a 46 year old man had been undergone aortic valve replacement (avr) due to mechanical aortic valve endocarditis two month ago. he was referred to imam khomeini hospital because of dyspnea since two weeks ago. echocardiography showed the false aneurysm, with an area of flow beyond the lumen of the aorta. this patient underwent reoperation, the previously implanted aortic valve was removed, metic...

health can affects human abilities, functions and even his life quality, and hence has important role in determination of human capital through production processes. the aim of this study is to examine the effect of income inequality on selected health indices in iran during 1976-2007. in this study an attempt has been made to analyze the relationship between income inequality and the both of l...

Effects of endocrine disruptors on experimental animals and wildlife are well established. Antiandrogens and estrogens cause reproductive disorders, such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, testicular dysgenesis and subfertility. This raises a natural question whether these disorders in humans are also caused by endocrine disrupters and whether they should alert us of harmful exposures. While we st...

The study tries to explore the dynamics of comovement of stock markets of USA ,Brazil, Mexico, China and India during the period from January, 1996 to July, 2007 using daily closing price data. It attempts to analyze the speed of adjustment coefficients using daily, weekly and monthly data. It also tries to examine the efficiency of the stock market as a result of initiatives and regulatory mea...

A concept of "Fractal Fracture Mechanics" for HDR .(Hot Dry Rock) geothermal reservoir design has been developed as an extension of conventional rock fracture mechanics. It is suggested that this concept is successfully applicable to characterize and model subsurface fracture network in HDR geothermal reservoir. Furthermore, this modeling procedure makes it possible to evaluate the thermal ener...