Mutual relationship between pasture grasses and Neotyphodium fungal endophytes is of great importance in grass improvement. Two endophyte containing tall fescue genotypes (75 and 83) and their endophyte free ramets were used in this study. Endophytes were isolated from tall fescue genotypes 75 and 83 and used in three methods of inoculation including Latch and Christensen approach, insertion of...

Roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis) is a weed in cool season grass seed production fields in Oregon. Populations of this weed are often greater in fields prone to waterlogging. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the morphological and physiological differences between recently established roughstalk bluegrass and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) plants in response to simulated wat...

et al., 1981) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.; Braverman, 1966; Nielson and Dickson, 1958). In addition, Genetic resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis several cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne Pers.:Pers. subsp. graminicola Z. Urban) could reduce the need for fungicides to control the disease in tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum L.) with reduced susceptibility to ste...

Endophyte infected tall fescue (E+) is the base diet for nearly all beef cattle in the southern USA. It has been linked to a variety of toxicological conditions due to the presence of large numbers of ergot alkaloids. This study was designed to investigate the effects of E+ seed extract and selected ergot alkaloids on the detoxification pathway by cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) enzyme system. Tests w...

Angus-cross, fall-calving beef cows (n = 153) were used in this experiment. The objective was to determine whether incorporating a period of corn stover and dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) feeding into a preexisting nutritional program that included grazing stockpiled tall fescue affects reproductive performance and progeny growth. On Julian d 267 cows were stratified and allotted b...

Access to livestock manure is increasing in semi-arid cropping systems of U.S. Northwest prompting evaluation fertilization strategies on regional production systems. A study conducted from fall 2012 2019 used: fall- or spring-applied dairy (56 Mg ha−1), fall-applied composted (33 urea SUPERU (Koch Agronomic Services), and a control (n = 6) corn (Zea mays L.)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–alfalfa...

Alkaloids produced by the fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) that infects tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] are a paradox to cattle production. Although certain alkaloids impart tall fescue with tolerances to environmental stresses, such as moisture, heat, and herbivory, ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte can induce fescue toxicosis, a malady that adversely a...

Consumption of ergot alkaloid-containing tall fescue grass impairs several metabolic, vascular, growth, and reproductive processes in cattle, collectively producing a clinical condition known as "fescue toxicosis." Despite the apparent association between pituitary function and these physiological parameters, including depressed serum prolactin; no reports describe the effect of fescue toxicosi...

Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) is a valuable and broadly adapted forage grass that occupies approximately 14 million hectares across the United States. A native to Europe, tall fescue was likely introduced into the US around the late 1800's. Much of the success of tall fescue can be attributed to Epichloë coenophiala (formerly Neotyphodium coenophialum) a seed borne symbiont that aids in hos...