introduction hymenocrater from lamiaceae family is a perennial bush with 24 species in the world and 10 different species in natural habitats of iran (satil et al., 2007). hymenocrater platystegius rech. is exclusive to khorasan province in the north east of iran (mozaffarian, 1996). according to available information, %5 of plant species of iran are becoming extinct, which is 550 times higher ...

landslide like phenomena such as earthquake, flood, and volcano eruption are considered as the important natural events which happen every year in the mountainous and the elevated regions of the country and incur substantial damages and losses. today, in the countries involved with the issue of earthquake sliding, there is an increasing tendency in evaluating and zoning of the danger and damage...

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Most people have a curiosity that leads them to wonder how minds work, how minds fail, and/or how minds differ. Some people transform their desire to understand the brain into experiments that elucidate nervous system structure and function. Such investigators are not hard to come by; the Society for Neuroscience is a large and very active scientific organization. While one can certainly apprec...

An important task for evolutionary biology is to explain how phenotypes change over evolutionary time. Neo-Darwinian theory explains phenotypic change as the outcome of genetic change brought about by natural selection. In the neo-Darwinian account, genetic change is primary; phenotypic change is a secondary outcome that is often given no explicit consideration at all. In this article, we intro...

Errant authors of empirical learning reports are often dashed to earth by editorial reviewers, who castigate them for trivial departures from the orthodox associative paradigms subserving a vacuous general-process notion, which allows no consideration of specialized structures in humans or in beasts. Paradigmatic illustrations of immediate reinforcement were not subjected to the same zealous sc...