Objectives: To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on Trichophyton rubrum and investigate its mechanism of action. Methods: The viability of fungi treated with IPL alone and with IPL combined with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) pretreatment was determined by MTT assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Malondialdehyde (MDA) cont...

The prion agent is notoriously resistant to common proteases and conventional sterilisation procedures. The current methods known to destroy prion infectivity such as incineration, alkaline and thermal hydrolysis are harsh, destructive, environmentally polluting and potentially hazardous, thus limit their applications for decontamination of delicate medical and laboratory devices, remediation o...

Keratin are insoluble fibrous proteins found in hair, wool, feather, nail, horns and other epithelial covering which is rich in beta helical coil linked through cysteine bridges. Keratinase (EC 3.4.4.25) belongs to the class hydrolase which are able to hydrolyse insoluble keratins more efficient than other proteases. The bacteria Bacillus licheniformis showing higher keratinase activity was scr...

The Actinomycetes comprise a ubiquitous order of bacteria which exhibits wide physiological and morphological diversity. These microorganisms are particularly abundant in alkaline soils rich in organic matter. Keratin is an insoluble structural protein of skin, and its derivatives (e.g. feather, hair, wool and horn) are known for their high stability. Actinomycetes producing keratinases are hav...

Keratinases are exciting keratin-degrading enzymes; however, there have been relatively few studies on their immobilization. A keratinolytic protease from Chryseobacterium sp. kr6 was purified and its partial sequence determined using mass spectrometry. No significant homology to other microbial peptides in the NCBI database was observed. Certain parameters for immobilization of the purified ke...

Keratinolytic microorganisms have great importance in feather waste degradation and its use for improvement of livestock feed and production of protein hydrolysates. Bacillus altitudinis GVC11, a novel, raw chicken feather degrading bacterium, previously isolated and identified by morphological, biochemical and 16s rDNA sequencing in our laboratory, was used in the present study. It was grown i...

A newly isolated bacterium identified as Bacillus safensis based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA analysis and its mutant variant created by exposure to ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm were investigated for keratinolytic activity. The wild-type strain produced 35.4-50.4 U/mL keratinase over a period of 120 h, while the mutant one yielded 64.4-108.5 U/mL keratinase for the same period of 120 h....

Keratinase is an important industrial enzyme, but its application performance limited by low activity. A rational design of 5′-UTRs that increases translation efficiency approach to enhance protein expression. Herein, we optimized the 5′-UTR recombinant keratinase KerZ1 expression element secretory activity in Bacillus subtilis WB600 through Spacer design, RBS screening, and sequence simplifica...

Abstract Keratinases can specifically degrade keratins, which widely exist in hair, horns, claws and human skin. There is a great interest developing keratinase to manage keratin waste generated by the poultry industry reusing products agriculture, medical treatment feed industries. Degradation of more environmentally friendly sustainable compared with chemical physical methods. However, wild-t...

IT is well known that sclero-proteins are not readily digested by the enzymes of vertebrates; both pepsin and trypsin act upon elastin, collagen is very resistant to trypsin but is digested by pepsin, and keratin is not attacked by either enzyme. However, Stankovic, Arnovlzevic and Matavulj [1929] have described a keratinase from the crops of certain birds of prey and Ssadikov [1927] has claime...