Assume Hin, Win and Cin denote the height, width and channel number of the input feature maps, respectively; Hout, Wout and Cout denote the height, width and channel number of the output feature maps, respectively; K is the side length of a square kernel. The forward pass of an And-layer, defined in Eq. (1), is of computational complexity O(KCinHoutWoutCout). For the backward pass, the complexi...

Malania oleifera Chun et S.K. Lee is an endangered woody oil tree that produces nervonic acid, which closely related to brain development. The phenotypic variation and diversity in some representative traits natural populations are poorly understood. To investigate variation, their relationship with geoclimatic factors, we evaluated 21 of 97 sampled individuals from seven populations. Coefficie...

Grain size and shape are important factors for yield quality. The difference in grain phenotypic characteristics the same maize hybrid is related to its position ear. This study aimed clarify distribution of morphological ear provide guidance research phenotype kernel effects. Three hybrids were used experiment, namely, Denghai 618 (DH618), KX3564, Xianyu 335 (XY335), number per row 40, 36, res...

Clustering data into natural groupings has important applications in fields such as Bioinformatics. Support Vector Clustering (SVC) does not require prior knowledge of a dataset and it can identify irregularly shaped cluster boundaries. A major SVC challenge is the choice of an important parameter value, the width of a kernel function that determines a nonlinear transformation of the input data...

Background modelling Neural Networks (BNNs) represent an approach to motion based object segmentation in video sequences. BNNs are probabilistic classifiers with nonparametric, kernel-based estimation of the underlying probability density functions. The paper presents an enhancement of the methodology, introducing automatic estimation and adaptation of the kernel width. The proposed enhancement...

a study was carried out to evaluate the secondary sexual characteristics of four strains of cocks, comprising of two (2) exotics; bovan nera black (bnb) and isa brown (isb), one (1) improved local strain, shika brown (sb) and one (1) unimproved local strain, normal feathered cock (nfc). a total of 64 birds (16 for each strain) at 36, 38, 40 and 42 weeks were used for the study. the result indic...

The role of width in kernel models and radial-basis function networks is investigated with a special emphasis on the Gaussian case. Quantitative bounds are given on kernel-based regularization showing the effect of changing the width. These bounds are shown to be d-th powers of width ratios, and so they are exponential in the dimension of input data.