It is no exaggeration to say that Capital Theory is fundamental to everything else in Austrian Economics. It lies at its core, implicit in discussions of monetary policy, the business cycle, the entrepreneur, and the subjectivity of value and expectations. Prior to the Keynesian revolution it was Capital Theory for which the Austrian School was most known among mainstream economists. With the a...

The financial sector received little attention in the literature on macroeconomic policy, growth and development until fairly recently. In fact, post-war macroeconomics in both the Keynesian and monetarist traditions paid little or no attention to banks and other financial institutions. This is somewhat ironic because both approaches were well aware of the role of banks in propagating the Great...

A simple model of monetary/labor search is constructed to exposit and evaluate Keynesian ideas. In the model, economic agents have trouble splitting the surplus from exchange appropriately, and we consider monetary and fiscal policies that correct this Keynesian inefficiency. With either fixed nominal wages and prices, or indeterminacy in rates of exchange, the optimal policies we explore seem ...

ed from issues they could not handle but which enabled them to analyse the dynamics in which they were interested. However, a more common reaction was to focus on the formal models and to confine their theorizing to what could be said rigorously. Founding macroeconomics on rigorous utilitymaximizing microfoundations was important. This was, no doubt, the reason why Patinkin’s Chapter 13 was neg...

Since the meltdown of the global financial system in 2008 triggered by the sub-prime mortgage bubble in the United States, there is an emerging consensus, even among economists, that there is a need for new economic thinking2 (See Stiglitz, 2010 & Kaletsky, 2010). The economic thinking that has prevailed in postwar capitalist societies is based on the neo-classical – Keynesian synthesis, hereaf...

An important and open question in monetary economics is how the Federal Reserve makes its policy decisions. We document that when an FOMC member was born, his/her educational background Committee’s changing hawk-dove composition have predictable effects on The odds of being a hawk are higher he/she graduated from university linked to Chicago school economics; instead, dove likely with strong Ke...

This paper considers the economic theories that are relevant for the study of peace war and international security . It presents different levels of generality, starting with the big questions of international security, which are usually the domain of international relations, before moving to general economic theoretical perspectives and then focusing on some specific developments in economics ...

Both Keynesians and modern institutional economists are critical of the “classical economists”. In being so, they employ similar micro foundations of the business behavior (the “institutional arrangements”) of individuals. Yet in contrast to Keynesians, the representatives of modern institutional economics incorporate the institutional framework into their analysis: For them, the linkage betwee...