This paper presents an overview of the synthesis, chemical and electrochemical properties, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications of new proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers. Due to their chemical stability, high degree of proton conductivity, and remarkable mechanical properties, per ̄uorinated polymer electrolytes such as Na®on, Aciplex, Flemion...

Metals have been the dominant plasmonic materials for decades, but they suffer from limited tunability. By contrast, conducting polymers offer exceptional tunability and were recently introduced as a new category of dynamic materials. Their charge carrier density can be drastically modulated via their redox state, offering reversible gradual transitions between optically metallic dielectric beh...