In the data country portfolios are heavily biased toward domestic assets. Standard onegood international macro models predict that, due to the presence of non-diversifiable labor income risk, country portfolios should be heavily biased toward foreign assets; this discrepancy constitutes the international diversification puzzle (Baxter and Jermann, 1997). We show that a simple extension of one-g...

Whether and what type of the lobbying-induced trade policies can improve the domestic welfare? We show that as compared to the case of no lobbying and the case of domestic lobbying, the domestic-foreign lobbying achieves the lowest tariff and may also realize the highest welfare for the domestic country. Our results suggest that the domestic-foreign lobbying may contribute to a freer trade in t...

within the early theories of fdi and multinational firms, fdi and foreign trade were considered to be substitutes. new international trade theories emphasize, however the complementary relationship between fdi and foreign trade.this is the result of introducing new aspects in the models like increasing returns to scale, product differentiation and technology-differences among nations.this paper...

This study attempts to examine empirically dynamic causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption, income, and foreign trade in the case of Turkey using the time series data for the period 1960-2005. This research tests the interrelationship between the variables using the bounds testing to cointegration procedure. The bounds test results indicate that there exist two forms o...

While import-substituting industrialization policy constitute the basis for the industrialization strategies of the 1960s and 1970s in Turkey, this policy was no longer sustainable by the 1980s. For this reason, export-oriented industrialization policy was adopted with the decisions taken on January 24, 1980. In other words, the post-1980 period, Turkey's economy has adopted outwardoriented ind...