The Kalman filter (KF) has always been used to improve north-finding performance under practical conditions. By analyzing the characteristics of the azimuth rotational inertial measurement unit (ARIMU) on a stationary base, a linear state equality constraint for the conventional KF used in the fine north-finding filtering phase is derived. Then, a constrained KF using the state equality constra...

This paper deals with orientation estimation using miniature inertial/magnetic sensor comprised of a tri-axial rate gyro, a tri-axial accelerometer, and a tri-axial magnetometer. Particularly, a novel quaternion-based pseudo Kalman filter (KF) is proposed by modifying an indirect KF, in order to maximize the computational efficiency and implementation simplicity. In the proposed pseudo KF, time...

Keloids are proliferative dermal growths representing a pathological wound-healing response. We report high proliferation rates in normal (NF) and keloid-derived fibroblasts (KF) cocultured with keloid-derived keratinocytes (KK). IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 mRNA and secreted IGFBP-3 in conditioned media were increased in NF cocultured with KK compared with NF but markedly reduced in KF cocult...

Since its introduction in 1960, the Kalman filter has become an integral component in thousands of military and civilian navigation systems. This deceptively simple, recursive digital algorithm has been an early-on favorite for conveniently integrating (or fusing) navigation sensor data to achieve optimal overall system performance. To provide current estimates of the system variables -such as ...

Background: Co-administration of anesthetics has been employed to decrease potential unpleasant effects associated with single drug. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of co-administration of ketofol with diazepam or midazolam in healthy dogs. METHODS: Six adult mix-breed male dogs were used. After sedation with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg), anesthesia was induced with kete...

In this paper we prove that certain products and sums of powers of binomial coefficients modulo p = qf + 1, q = a1 + b2, are determined by the parameters x occurring in distinct solutions of the quaternary quadratic partition 16p° = x2 + 2qu2 + 2qv2 + qw2, (x, u, v,w, p) = 1, xw = av2 2buv au2, x ■ 4 (mod q), a > 1. The number of distinct solutions of this partition depends heavily on the class...

Key kinetic parameters governing the partitioning of chlorine species in the Antarctic polar stratosphere were retrieved from 28 days of chlorine monoxide (ClO) microwave radiometer measurements made during the late winter/early spring of 2005 at Scott Base (77.85 S, 166.75 E). During day-time the loss of the ClO dimer chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) occurs mainly by photolysis. Some time after sunr...

The classical Kalman filter (KF) is an effective approach of state estimation for linear discrete-time systems, but classical KF is applicable only when external inputs are measured. So far, some studies of Kalman filter with unknown inputs (KF-UI) have been proposed. However, previous KF-UI approaches based solely on acceleration measurements are inherently unstable which leads to poor trackin...

BACKGROUND Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a component of childhood nephrotic syndrome occurring in 10%-20% of all cases. Over time, 25%-50% of children with FSGS develop kidney failure disease. We followed a cohort of children with FSGS in order to delineate the risk profile of progression to kidney failure (KF). METHODS We evaluated patient data collected from 1977 to 2002 at a...