The primary constituent of urinary protein in diabetic nephropathy is albumin. Consequently, quantification of urinary albumin excretion is central to any description of diabetic renal disease. Albumin excretion can be determined from timed urine collections, and 24hour, overnight, or even shorter collection periods are used. Measurement of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in untimed uri...

The second most common cause of chronic renal failure is glomerulonephritis, which is a collective term used for numerous diseases with the common denominator of histological renal inflammation emanating from the glomerular tuft. Whether all forms of glomerulonephritis should be considered as autoimmune disease is debatable, but immune mechanisms are important in all of them. This review focuse...

Acute or chronic kidney injury results from various insults and pathological conditions, and is accompanied by activation of compensatory repair mechanisms. Both insults and repair mechanisms are initiated by circulating factors, whose cellular effects are mediated by activation selective signal transduction pathways. Two main signal transduction pathways are activated during these processes, t...

Drug-induced kidney disease constitutes an important cause of acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease in present day clinical practice. Different classes of drugs, by virtue of immunological mechanisms or direct toxicity initiate certain stereotyped renal responses. For most patients suffering from drug-induced nephropathy common risk factors which precipitate the adverse effects include...

permeability, EKG), with less data being presented on histopathological changes (bone marrow, heart, lung, kidneys). It may also be useful in documenting recommendations for maximum permissible doses and similar applications. Because so relatively few scientists in this country read Russian, much of the literature originating in the U.S.S.R. is virtually inaccessible unless translations such as...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will critically highlight the role of leukotrienes as mediators of renal diseases and drug nephrotoxicity. It will also discuss the recently identified mechanism of cysteinyl leukotrienes induction and action, and will propose clinical implementation of these findings. RECENT FINDINGS Since last reviewed in 1994, leukotrienes were shown to mediate drug-associated...

Rare kidney diseases are a unique subset of renal disorders that are often termed 'orphan' as a result of a multitude of reasons: the small number of patients with the consequent lack of well-defined natural history and course of many of these diseases, limited awareness among the medical community, and finally the significant cost of developing novel therapeutics which makes many of these dise...

Kidney diseases are one of the most common worldwide and cause unbearable pain in people. In this study aims to detecting cyst stone kidney. For purpose, YOLO architecture designs were used for detection kidney, kidney stone. The supported by explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) feature. CT images three classes, namely 72 cysts, 394 stones 192 healthy kidneys performance analysis part desi...