PURPOSE To compare the knot characteristics of a pretied suture knot with 3 of the most commonly used arthroscopic knots tied with various high-strength sutures. METHODS Three commonly used arthroscopic knots (surgeon's knot, Seoul Medical Center, and Duncan loop) tied with no. 2 high-strength sutures were compared with a pretied knot secured with either 1, 2, or 3 reversed half hitches (RHAP...

Sliding knots are commonly used in arthroscopic surgery and can be problematic in terms of strength and loop security. A new sliding knot for arthroscopic surgery, a modified racking hitch (MRH) knot, is described. The knot is essentially a modified cow's hitch knot that includes two self-locking loops. By tensioning the loop strands, a snug knot is created without backward sliding and provides...

We study Legendrian knots in a cabled knot type. Specifically, given a topological knot type K, we analyze the Legendrian knots in knot types obtained from K by cabling, in terms of Legendrian knots in the knot type K. As a corollary of this analysis, we show that the (2, 3)-cable of the (2, 3)-torus knot is not transversely simple and moreover classify the transverse knots in this knot type. T...

The Nematodes are roundworms that are found in every environment of the earth. While some species are harmful parasites, others play a vital role in nutrient cycle and medical research. Nematode infestation in the fields is poly-specific; however, depending on the agro-climatic conditions, one or two species are dominant over the rest. The present studies attempts to observe and control the roo...

in this study two bacillus pumilus including toirft- kc806241 and toirma-kc806242 were obtained from tomato fields and characterized based on phenotypic and molecular properties. their possibility to reduce root knot disease of tomato caused by meloidogyne javanica was evaluated. the experiments were done in lab and under pot conditions. application of the toir-ma against m. javanica reduced th...

This paper presents a new algorithm for raising the degree of a B-spline curve which can also insert new knots at the same time. The new algorithm is faster than existing algorithms, and is much easier to understand and to implement. The new control points are computed using the following three simple steps: computing derivatives from control points, resampling the knot vector, and computing ne...

This paper is a very brief introduction to knot theory. It describes knot coloring by quandles, the fundamental group of a knot complement, and handle-decompositions of knot complements.

Two main technologies are available to design and represent freeform surfaces: NonUniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) and subdivision surfaces. Both representations are built on uniform B-splines, but they extend this foundation in incompatible ways, and different industries have therefore established a preference for one representation over the other. NURBS are the dominant standard for Compute...

A rational Ansatz is proposed for the generating function ∑ j,k β2j+k,2jx y, where βm,u is the number of primitive chinese character diagrams with u univalent and 2m− u trivalent vertices. For Pm := ∑ u≥2 βm,u, the conjecture leads to the sequence 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 27, 39, 55, 78, 108, 150, 207, 284, 388, 532, 726 for primitive chord diagrams of degrees m ≤ 20, with predictions under...

We have a knot quandle and a fundamental class as invariants for a surface-knot. These invariants can be defined for a classical knot in a similar way, and it is known that the pair of them is a complete invariant for classical knots. In this paper, we compare a situation in surface-knot theory with that in classical knot theory, and prove the following: There exist arbitrarily many inequivalen...