Pharmaceutical companies are regarded as principal contributors to national economies all over the world owing to their substantial assistance to public health system; GDP, employment, and market growth. Consequently, pharmaceutical managers must take the necessary steps to improve strategy-making and firm performance. This study investigates the relationship between four conventional modes of ...

it is commonly recognized that knowledge is the only source of core competence of environmental projects in the knowledge based companies, but the productivity rate of knowledge workers is always low. based on knowledge workers’ characteristics, in this paper, we seek to identify knowledge workers factors influencing on the environmental projects risk management success (eprm), then knowledge s...

clusters are geographically close groups of related companies or institutions related to a certain area which are inherently more efficient than the other companies due to advantages such as being located in one place, networks, external knowledge, variability of human capital, etc. today, development through clusters plays a pivotal role in the economic and industrial policies of developed cou...

imagine you have traveled to an unfamiliar city. before you start your daily tour around the city, you need to know a good route. in network theory (nt), this is the traveling salesman problem (tsp). a dynamic programming algorithm is often used for solving this problem. however, when the road network of the city is very complicated and dense, which is usually the case, it will take too long fo...

in an economy based on knowledge, organizations use their employees’ knowledge as a resource for creating and increasing organizational value and their success depends on their ability to manage their rare and volatile resources. one of the important organizational capabilities is social capital which can greatly help organizations to create and share knowledge as well as to create “permanent o...

Globalization, reliable infrastructure, culture and deregulation can be considered the most important conditions for the emergence of knowledge-based companies. Globalization helps companies broaden their views and experiences of successful and unsuccessful international forgiven learn. Knowledge is a humans’ asset and not be limited to geographical boundaries, then it is better that company’s ...