Despite the importance of determining the effects of interletter spacing on visual-word recognition, this issue has often been neglected in the literature. The goal of the present study is to shed some light on this topic. The rationale is that a thin increase in interletter spacing, as in casino, may reduce lateral interference among internal letters without destroying a word's integrity and/o...

The default mode network (DMN) has recently attracted widespread interest. Previous studies have found that task-related processing can induce deactivation and changes in the functional connectivity of this network. However, it remains unclear how tasks modulate the underlying effective connectivity within the DMN. Using recent advances in dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we investigated the modu...

I describe the improvements made to the dc fonts in release 1.2, and the text companion font added. The ec fonts will finally replace the present 128-character cm fonts as the default fonts of LATEX.

The present study focusses on German polarity particles as responses to negative assertions. In such responses, the German response particles ja and nein are not used complementarily − similarly to their roughly corresponding English counterparts yes and no. Rather it seems that both ja and nein can be used to affirm a negative antecedent (e.g. A: Jim doesn’t snore. B: Ja./Nein. (=He doesn’t sn...

This paper describes how default dermal exposure values can be adjusted with modifier values for specific work situations. The work presented here is supplementary to a toolkit developed for the EU RISKOFDERM project. This toolkit is intended for the assessment and management of dermal risks in small and medium sized enterprises. Potential dermal exposure (on the outer envelope of the body) is ...

We propose that people imagine alternatives to reality (counterfactuals) in assessing the causal role of a prior event. This process of mental simulation (Kahneman & Tversky, 1982) is used to derive novel predictions about the effects of default events on causal attribution. A default event is the alternative event that most readily comes to mind when a factual event is mentally mutated. The fa...

How, and for whom, does disgust influence moral judgment? In four experiments participants made moral judgments while experiencing extraneous feelings of disgust. Disgust was induced in Experiment 1 by exposure to a bad smell, in Experiment 2 by working in a disgusting room, in Experiment 3 by recalling a physically disgusting experience, and in Experiment 4 through a video induction. In each c...

Early life stress (ELS), an important risk factor for psychopathology in mental disorders, is associated neuronally with decreased functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) in the resting state. Moreover, it is linked with greater deactivation in DMN during a working memory task. Although DMN shows large amplitudes of very low-frequency oscillations (VLFO) and strong involve...