This work aims to develop a new ionic liquid, used as an aprotic green ä solvent, to dissolve kraft lignin from black liquor. The kraft lignin was extracted through precipitation with carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene-based ionic liquids were obtained by quaternization of the nitrogen atom with a hydrogen atom or an alkyl chain. The yields of the synthes...

This thesis had three different objectives: i) to discover different methods for kraft lignin purification that could be used alongside acid precipitation, ii) test the most suitable treatment on laboratory scale and evaluate the potentiality of this method as a kraft lignin purification method, and iii) to compare the feasibility of lignin purification alongside the acid precipitation compared...

Eucalyptus globulus represents one of the most suited fibre sources for the production of a wide range of high quality papers and high-purity dissolving pulps. The optimization of kraft pulping covering both continuous and batch processes demands kinetic models suitable for advanced control and offline optimization of the cooking operation. Quite recently, an improved kinetic model structure fo...

In all major industries increasing importance is placed on the use of instruments that analyse process streams effectively and efficiently for long periods of practically unattended operation. This helps the process operator to keep an inventory of the materials leaving the process, and check the operating efficiency. In the field of pollution, it helps to confirm that the process is operated w...

The Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) procedure was used to compare waste management options for kraft pulp mill sludge following its anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion of sludge is advantageous because it produces biogas that may be used to generate electricity, heat and biofuels. However, adequate management of the digested sludge is essential. Landfill disposal is a non-sustainab...

This paper describes our efforts focused at defining the formation of diphenylmethane moieties in lignin during conventional kraft and soda pulping conditions. This objective was realized by confirming, initially, the assignment of a P NMR signal as being due exclusively to the presence of phosphitylated diphenylmethane (DPM) phenolic hydroxyl groups. More specifically, softwood milled wood lig...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Lignin is one of the three major components in plant cell walls, and it can be isolated (dissolved) from the cell wall in pretreatment or chemical pulping. However, there is a lack of high-value applications for lignin, and the commonest proposal for lignin is power and steam generation through combustion. Organosolv ethanol process is one of the effective pretreatment ...

This work offers a comprehensive understanding of the conditions required for the selective masking of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in technical kraft lignins, which is pivotal in determining their subsequent chemical and thermal reactivity. To this effect, we have examined the chemistry and developed the conditions for the facile, mild, and selective masking of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in ...

Department of Computer Science and (by courtesy) Art and Art History, Virginia Tech, 121 VTKW II, 2202 Kraft Dr – MC 0106 Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA b Information Science and Science & Technology Studies, Cornell University, 301 College Ave., Ithaca, NY 14580, USA Department of Computer Science and (by courtesy) Psychology, Virginia Tech, 123 VTKW II, 2202 Kraft Dr – MC 0106 Blacksburg, VA 24060...