Programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Blocking the PD-1:PD-ligand (PD-L) pathway reinvigorates exhausted CD8 T cells. Exactly how blocking PD-1:PD-L interactions improves T cell immunity, however, remains unclear. PD-1:PD-L blockade could reprogram all exhausted T cells to become antiviral effectors. Alternatively, this blockade might selectively expan...

A clutter (or antichain or Sperner family) L is a pair (V,E), where V is a finite set and E is a family of subsets of V none of which is a subset of another. Usually, the elements of V are called vertices of L, and the elements of E are called edges of L. A subset se of an edge e of a clutter is called recognizing for e, if se is not a subset of another edge. The hardness of an edge e of a clut...

We show that for all l and ǫ > 0 there is a constant c = c(l, ǫ) > 0 such that every l-coloring of the triples of an N -element set contains a subset S of size c √ logN such that at least 1 − ǫ fraction of the triples of S have the same color. This result is tight up to the constant c and answers an open question of Erdős and Hajnal from 1989 on discrepancy in hypergraphs. For l ≥ 4 colors, it ...

A double sequence x = {xk,l} of points in R is slowly oscillating if for any given ε > 0, there exist α = α(ε) > 0, δ = δ(ε) > 0, and N = N(ε) such that |xk,l−xs,t| < ε whenever k, l ≥ N(ε) and k ≤ s ≤ (1 + α)k, l ≤ t ≤ (1 + δ)l. We study continuity type properties of factorable double functions defined on a double subset A × A of R into R, and obtain interesting results related to uniform cont...

We derive some new results on the k-th barycentric Olson constants of abelian groups (mainly cyclic). This quantity, for a finite abelian (additive) group (G,+), is defined as the smallest integer l such that each subset A of G with at least l elements contains a subset with k elements {g1, . . . , gk} satisfying g1 + · · ·+ gk = k gj for some 1 ≤ j ≤ k.

A division property is a generic tool to search for integral distinguishers, and automatic tools such as MILP or SAT/SMT allow us evaluate the propagation efficiently. In application stream ciphers, it enables estimate security of cube attacks theoretically, leads best key-recovery against well-known ciphers. However, was reported that some based on degenerate distinguishing due inaccuracy prop...

We prove that exponential moments of a fluctuation the pure transport equation decay pointwisely almost as fast $t^{-3}$ when domain is any general strictly convex subset $\mathbb{R}^3$ with smooth boundary diffuse condition. theorem by establishing novel $L^1$-$L^\infty$ framework via stochastic cycles.

The papers [18], [9], [21], [14], [23], [6], [24], [2], [3], [8], [10], [1], [22], [7], [11], [20], [16], [19], [4], [5], [13], [12], [17], and [15] provide the terminology and notation for this paper. For simplicity, we adopt the following convention: k, l, m, n, i, j denote natural numbers, K, N denote non empty subsets of N, K1, N1, M1 denote subsets of N, and X, Y denote sets. Let us consid...

Rudin, Chapter 4, Problem #3. The space L(T ) is separable since the trigonometric polynomials with complex coefficients whose real and imaginary parts are rational form a countable dense subset. (Denseness follows from Theorem 3.14 and Theorem 4.25; countability is clear since {e | n ∈ Z} is a countable basis of the trigonometric polynomials.) Meanwhile the space L(T ) is not separable. To see...

We study the correlation between total number of critical points random spherical harmonics and with value in any interval I ⊂ <mml:mi math...