We investigate the structure of competitive quilibria in an exchange economy parametrized by (i) endowments and (ii) restrictions on market participation. For arbitrary regular endowments, if few consumers are restricted, there are no sunspot equilibria. If endowments are allowed to vary, while restrictions on market participation are fixed, there is a generic set of preferences uch that sunspo...

China’s trade patterns with African countries have made Beijing the focal point of new antiChinese resistance narratives in Africa. Unlike the Maoist era, when China’s trade policies served its leaders’ political goals, now they aim to access markets as part of China’s larger domestic development strategy. China’s state-run firms can channel China–Africa trade through extra-market decisions tha...

• Attainment in school and enrollment post-compulsory education are lower for males compared to females Sri Lanka. Implicit biases favour girls with parental aspirations teacher attitudes higher than boys. Gaps maths scores at age 12 explained by differences returns endowments rather endowments. Earnings foregone more significant males’ decision enroll females’, even when controlled wealth. Pos...

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This dissertation investigates the question: why do some regions industrialize and others do not? The large variation in the timing and success of industrialization across countries and across regions within these countries suggests that some places had and still have better conditions for industrial development than others. Debates about this variation in industrial development have identified...

Shuming Bao University of Michigan [email protected] IIntroduction Although spatial phenomena have been extensively studied in various research fields, such as economic geography (e.g., convergence in per capita income growth rates, inter-regional and intersectorial flows of labor and capital, and regional resource endowments), environmental sciences (e.g., dispersion of air-borne pollutants, soil...

Ever since the open policy adopted in China, textile and clothing industry has been playing an important role in the economic development and foreign trade. The achievements prove the competitive advantages possessed by China textile and clothing industry, while we can attribute the advantages to factors endowments as abundant raw material and human labor. These advantages can also be acquired ...