This research paper evaluates the effect political gender quotas on female labor force indicators in South America, specifically labor force participation (formal sector) and unemployment. There has been significant progress within the region, with respect to lessening gender inequality, however the focus on access to educational opportunities maybe overstating the reduction in current gender i...

This study explored the effect of unplanned changes in disability and marital status on labor force participation for a sample of just under 6,000 men and women born between 1931 and 1941. It was based on Wave 1 (1992) through Wave 4 (1998) of the Health and Retirement Study data. Binomial hierarchical linear models were used to evaluate the change in the probability of working. Unplanned chang...

The work and retirement decisions of husbands and wives are likely to be made jointly as they allocate their available resources. This article models the allocation of family wealth and family members' time over the lifetime of the unit. The first section reports simulation results that illustrate the relationship between the value of members' time in both market work and the production of home...

ABSTRACT The objective of the study investigates the effects of health on changing labor force participation during Pakistan's economic transition in the 1980s, a period of several economic liberalization and international integration on the health and financial sectors. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration technique to estimate the short- and long-run ela...

Push or Pull? Drivers of Female Labor Force Participation during India’s Economic Boom In the past twenty years, India’s economy has grown at increasing rates and now belongs to the fastest-growing economies in the world. This paper examines drivers of female labor force participation in urban India between 1987 and 2004, showing a much more nuanced picture of female labor force participation t...

The purpose of this study is to examine alternative pathways to labor force exit among older men. Based on the life course perspective, we distinguish between crisp exits from the labor force, which are characterized as being unidirectional, and blurred transition patterns, which include repeated exists, entrances, and unemployment spells. Using longitudinal data from the 1984 Survey of Income ...

We used the first wave of the Health and Retirement Survey to study the effect of health on the labor force activity of black and white men and women in their 50s. The evidence we present confirms the notion that health is an extremely important determinant of early labor force exit. Our estimates suggest that health differences between blacks and whites can account for most of the racial gap i...

There are considerable differences in gender unemployment gaps across the EU. We use labor force survey data on 21 countries to perform a series of data decompositions and show that the cross-country variation in gender unemployment gaps is primarily driven by the differences in female labor force participation behavior after childbirth, namely, the family leave duration and the subsequent atta...