Introduction Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive method for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF). There are two broad categories of ASL: continuous (CASL), which uses a long train of square pulses to approximate a continuous inversion of flowing spins; and pulsed (PASL), which uses a short inversion pulse to label a fixed amount of blood. Theoretically, CASL has higher signal-to-noise ...

Formal specification of software systems has become more and more important, especially in safetycritical areas where one cannot take the risk of malfunction. Casl, the Common Algebraic Specification Language, is a standard for axiomatic specification of conventional software; and several extensions of Casl deal with temporal, reactive, higher-order etc. aspects. That is, we are faced with a mu...

This paper describes a multi-scale modeling approach to compute the large-strain deformation of zirconium alloy cladding, which is of interest to the study of fuel rod behaviors in transient and accident conditions. A Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) polycrystal plasticity model representing polycrystals by weighted orientations of single crystals has been implemented as the constitutive la...

We connect the algebraic specification language Casl with a variety of automated first-order provers. The heart of this connection is an institution comorphism from Casl to SoftFOL (softly typed firstorder logic); the latter is then translated to the provers’ input syntaxes. We also describe a GUI integrating the translations and the provers into the Heterogeneous Tool Set. We report on experie...

Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) is a technique for performing quantitative perfusion measurements without the need for exogenous contrast agent administration. This technique has seen limited use in the clinic due to problems of poor sensitivity and the potential for artifacts. In addition, CASL requires the application of long-duration radiofrequency pulses and the acquisition of a la...

in this paper mathematical structure of time-dependent lagrangian systems and their symmetries are extended and the explicit relation between constants of motion and infinitesimal symmetries of time-dependent lagrangian systems are considered. starting point is time-independent lagrangian systems ,then we extend mathematical concepts of these systems such as equivalent lagrangian systems to the...