The algorithm of Jayanti and Petrovic (ICDCS 2005) gives a wait-free implementation of load-linked/store-conditional (LL/SC) for multiword variables, given LL/SC actions on single words. The authors gave a behavioural proof of correctness. We present a refinement proof that has been verified with the proof assistant PVS. We give an improved algorithm which needs fewer single-word LL/SC register...

LL-37 is a human cationic host defense peptide (antimicrobial peptide) belonging to the cathelicidin family of peptides. In this study, LL-37 was shown to kill Jurkat T leukemia cells via apoptosis. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine externalization were detected following LL-37 exposure, whereas apoptosis was independent of caspase family memb...

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a large group of environmental organisms with worldwide distribution, but only a relatively few are known to be pathogenic. Chronic, debilitating lung disease is the most common manifestation of NTM infection, which is often refractory to treatment. The incidence and prevalence of NTM lung disease are increasing in the United States and in many parts of the...

Cathelicidin LL-37 is a multifunctional immunomodulatory and antimicrobial host defense peptide that has an important role in the immune defenses of the skin and other epithelial barriers. We have previously demonstrated that at physiological concentrations LL-37 synergistically augments the production of immune mediators in response to microbial compounds in human primary keratinocytes. Here w...

The interaction of mice submandibular gland cells with LL-37 (LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES), a cationic peptide with immunomodulatory properties, was investigated. LL-37 at a concentration that did not affect the integrity of the cells increased the uptake of calcium and activated a calcium-insensitive phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). The small release of ATP induced by LL-37 could not acc...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate biological behavior changes in a murine lung cancer cell characterized by acquired resistance to sunitinib, a potent inhibitor of multiple-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase. METHODS A lung cancer cell line resistant to sunitinib (LL/2-R) was developed from its parental cell line (LL/2-P). Differences in biological characteristics and associated molecul...

significant correlation was also found between the change of TK Study Design. A retrospective study. Objective. To explore the relationship between the change of lumbar lordosis (LL) and thoracic kyphosis (TK) in AIS patients after correction surgery. Summary of Background Data. TK tends to decrease in Lenke 1 and Lenke 2 AIS patients after correction surgery using pedicle screws, with the comp...

The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is generated from skin keratinocytes during infection of Gram-negative bacteria and exerts a microbicidal effect. LL-37 also causes functional changes in mast cells. Mast cells in the skin are involved in the innate immune system response against microbial infections via Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR4, which that is known to recognize lipopolysaccharide...

The role of LL-37, a human cationic antimicrobial peptide, in the immune system is not yet clearly understood. It is a widely expressed peptide that can be up-regulated during an immune response. In this report, we demonstrate that LL-37 is a potent antisepsis agent with the ability to inhibit macrophage stimulation by bacterial components such as LPS, lipoteichoic acid, and noncapped lipoarabi...