As the largest lymphoid organ and the largest reservoir of macrophages in the body, the gastrointestinal tract mucosa is probably the largest organ reservoir of macrophages infected with HIV-1. To elucidate the biology of HIV-1 infection of intestinal macrophages, we isolated lamina propria macrophages from normal human jejunum by neutral protease digestion, purified the cells by counterflow ce...

Notch receptor-mediated signaling is involved in the developmental process and functional modulation of lymphocytes, as well as in mast cell differentiation. Here, we investigated whether Notch signaling is required for antipathogen host defense regulated by mast cells. Mast cells were rarely found in the small intestine of wild-type C57BL/6 mice but accumulated abnormally in the lamina propria...

BACKGROUND Cytokines secreted by intestinal T lymphocytes probably play a critical role in regulation of the gut associated immune responses. AIMS To quantify interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) secreting cells (SC) among human intraepithelial (IEL) and lamina propria (LPL) lymphocytes from the duodenum and right colon in non-pathological situations and in the absence of in ...

Introduction. One of the important and unresolved issues pediatric gastroenterology remains study inflammation mechanisms stomach’s mucosa, as well factors that regulate inflammatory reactions. Nowadays, there are many studies devoted to research nuclear role factor kappa B (NF-kB) in regulation level gene expression control proliferation, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, determine nature expressi...

CD4(+) T-cell entry to the intestinal mucosa is central to the generation of mucosal immunity as well as chronic intestinal inflammation, yet the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly defined. Here we show that murine small intestinal CD4(+) lamina propria lymphocytes express a heterogeneous but restricted array of chemokine receptors including CCR5, CCR6, CCR9, CXCR3, and CXCR6. CD4...

Background: Sparse data are available in literature about pattern of nasal affection in Sjogren syndrome (SS). Objective: To study the ultrastructural changes in the nasal mucosa in SS patients with nasal dryness. Methods: Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of anterior end of inferior turbinate in 14 patients with SS experiencing nasal dryness and five healthy controls ...

Epithelial expression of HLA class II determinants and the number of lamina propria and intraepithelial T cells were quantified in gastric body mucosa by means of paired immunofluorescence staining which was subjected to computerised image analysis. In normal mucosa, epithelial HLA-DR expression was virtually absent. A significantly increased expression was seen in simple chronic gastritis, mos...

Introduction: Cell transplantation is one of the main strategies for spinal cord injury repair. As OECs of the olfactory mucosa can be obtained by simple biopsy in all individuals without affecting their smell sensation, OECs considered as a promising candidate for autologous transplantation in the nervous system injury, especially for spinal cord repair. Thereby in the current study OECs wer...

AIMS To investigate the localisation of tissue factor expression in normal and inflamed intestine. METHODS Serial cryostat sections of tissue taken from patients with Crohn's disease (n = 8), ulcerative colitis (n = 5), and from controls (n = 5) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunostained for tissue factor, collagen type IV, fibrinogen and platelet glycoprotein IIIa. RESULTS ...

The ultracytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase (AC) and guanylate cyclase B (GC-B) and C (GC-C) activity was studied after stimulation with pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, C-type natriuretic peptide and guanylin, respectively, in normal human respiratory nasal mucosa and mucosa of nasal polyps. To demonstrate these enzymatic activities, we employed enzyme-ultracytochemi...