Microclimatic design requires knowledge of the climate conditions, understanding of the ways that landscape elements affect microclimate and methods of applying this knowledge through landscape design to create microclimates that are comfortable for people and minimize the energy use of buildings. In this article it will be introduced the most important components and characteristics of microcl...

Mark Francis, FASLA is professor of landscape architecture at the University of California, Davis. Trained in landscape architecture and urban design at Berkeley and Harvard, his work has focused on the use and meaning of the built and natural landscape. Much of this research has utilized a case study approach. He developed the case study method for the Landscape Architecture Foundation and ser...

In higher education research, computer and information technologies are getting increased consideration and attention. These technologies can be integrated into the design education through taking into account a scaffolding mechanism, which will support activities of teaching/learning in a distributed environment. This research presents a digital-based scaffolding geographic information systems...

I-I tll, D.L., 199 1. Landscape planning: functionalism as a motivating concept from landscape ecology and human ecology. Landscape Urban Plann., 2 1: 1319. In this paper, the concept of functionalism fr--r both landscape ecology and human ecology is examined. The conceptual merger of these sciences and their application m landscape planning is explored as a basis for an ‘ecological approach’. ...