forests and rangelands are the most important natural ecosystems which provide many economic benefits to the society due to their biodiversity and ecological functionalities. dashtenaz wildlife refuge, sari, is a sylvan region, covering 55 ha of rangeland with abundant diversity, is refuge of an endangered species of deer called dama mesopotamica. in this study, contingent valuation method (cvm...

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate economic benefits associated with agricultural landscape-cultivating services provided as an input on behalf of the tourism sector in Austria. Applying the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) 4600 tourists spending vacations in Austria were asked about their willingness to pay for these services in the summer of 1991. The mean and median was 9.20 ATS and 3...

soil and land information is vital for land use planning and infrastructure development. maps of soils landscapes are powerful tools to guide sustainable planning and natural resource management. fuzzy set theory has been widely used in soil science for soil classification and mapping, land evaluation, fuzzy soil geostatistics, soil quality indices. in fuzzy logic-based approaches, soil spatial...

In this note we use the Shapley value to define a valuation function. A valuation function associates with every non-empty coalition of players in a strategic game a vector of payoffs for the members of the coalition that provides these players’ valuations of cooperating in the coalition. The Shapley valuation function is defined using the lowervalue based method to associate coalitional games ...

The communication presents the pieces of information ecosystem services estimation four research localities transformed from an arable land to vegetation features—bosks. These bosks should dispose several ecological functions, primarily anti-erosion measures, additionally local biodiversity increase, unfavorable microclimate mitigation, shelter provision for small game, birds and insects, or wo...

urban environments rely on the surrounding natural ecosystems remnants as providers of ecosystemfunctions, therefore these areas not only support a unique biodiversity but also have a social value for maintainingpublic health andwellbeing. for this reason, urbanization is considered to be one the biggest threats to ecosystems,leading to native biodiversity simplification and, thus, to a detrime...

Forests are essential for the provision of water, financial resources, food, and carbon, offer immense ecosystem service values. The accurate, quantitative, objective evaluation forest (FES) values can help uncover methods realizing ecological product value, which in turn supports conservation benefit enhancement. In China, FES valuation diverse tailored to specific objectives, encompassing mat...

Landscape and natural resource social values (e.g. wilderness aesthetic) provide essential benefits for human wellbeing. Understanding such community are to predict behaviours towards nature also develop relevant policies management strategies. Accordingly, the purpose of this theoretical paper was examine cross-scale interactions between landscape within framework social-ecological system. In ...

despite the close relationship between collective memory and urban structure, as the relationship between what is hidden and what is visible, rapid changes throughout the city have caused a disconnection between integrated memories and landscape cohesion. as a context for memories, the historical urban landscape proves valuable. the present research seeks to identify elements and signs in urban...