Contrary to studies on speech learning of consonants and vowels, the issue individual variability is less well understood in lexical tones. Whereas existing have focused contour-tone (Mandarin) by listeners without experience a tonal language, this study addressed research gap investigating perceptual level-tone contrasts (Cantonese) learners with system (Mandarin). Critically, we sought answer...

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Foreign Language learning is relatively not a new concept within Pakistan. As, young students in order to avail opportunities abroad learn foreign languages for better exposure and cultural assimilation the context. Previously, French German were two that used acquire. However, with introduction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project, realities have been explored. As result, this ex...

Title of Document: USING NEW MEASURES OF IMPLICIT L2 KNOWLEDGE TO STUDY THE INTERFACE OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE Yuichi Suzuki, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Directed By: Dr. Robert M. DeKeyser, Second Language Acquisition Second language acquisition (SLA) becomes extremely difficult for late second language (L2) learners, who are assumed to have passed the sensitive or critical period for...

Second language (L2) aptitude has been broadly defined as the rate and ease of initially acquiring a second language. Historically, L2 understood stable trait that predetermined achievement, regardless individual learners’ efforts to acquire an L2. This traditional view fixed led it being relatively neglected area research within acquisition (SLA) studies. The little was in fact conducted diagn...

This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence effective speaking of English as a foreign language (EFL) in higher education. Data were collected through an open-ended, in-depth interview with seven interviewees and analyzed using thematic analysis (TA) technique. The results showed six significant themes related student speaking: aptitude, motivation, opportunity, learning media, s...