BACKGROUND Dystonia is a heterogeneous hyperkinetic disorder. The anatomical location of the dystonia helps clinicians guide their evaluation and treatment plan. When dystonia involves masticatory, lingual, and pharyngeal muscles, it is referred to as oromandibular dystonia (OMD). METHODS We identified patients diagnosed with OMD in a Movement Disorders Clinic and Laryngeal Movement Disorders...

In the past five years, 477 patients with various focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm received 3,806 injections of botulinum A toxin for relief of involuntary spasms. A definite improvement with a global rating greater than or equal to 2 on a 0-4 scale, was obtained in all 13 patients with spasmodic dysphonia, 94% of 70 patients with blepharospasm, 92% of 13 patients with hemifacial spasm, 90%...

Idiopathic spasmodic torticollis is a form of focal dystonia aVecting the neck. It is characterised by involuntary repetitive or sustained neck muscle contractions leading to abnormal head postures and impaired control of head movement. With an estimated prevalence of 9/100 000 spasmodic torticollis is the most common focal dystonia. Onset peaks around the age of 40 and there is a female prepon...

Idiopathic spasmodic torticollis is a form of focal dystonia aVecting the neck. It is characterised by involuntary repetitive or sustained neck muscle contractions leading to abnormal head postures and impaired control of head movement. With an estimated prevalence of 9/100 000 spasmodic torticollis is the most common focal dystonia. Onset peaks around the age of 40 and there is a female prepon...

Vocal production, which requires the generation and integration of laryngeal and respiratory motor patterns, can be impaired in dystonia, a disorder believed due to dysfunction of sensorimotor pathways in the central nervous system. Herein, we analyze vocal and respiratory abnormalities in the dystonic (dt) rat, a well-characterized model of generalized dystonia. The dt rat is a recessive mutan...

Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been effective and well tolerated for all types of dystonia for >30 years. We reviewed outcomes of our patients treated with BoNT serotype A (BoNT-A) for spasmodic dysphonia (SD) who became secondarily nonresponsive. We found that 8 of 1400 patients became nonresponsive to BoNT-A (0.57%), which is lower than the secondary nonresponse rate in othe...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a task-specific laryngeal dystonia that affects speech production. Co-occurring voice tremor (VT) often complicates the diagnosis and clinical management of SD. Treatment of SD and VT is largely limited to botulinum toxin injections into laryngeal musculature; other pharmacological options are not sufficiently developed. STUDY DESIGN Open-labe...