PURPOSE. It has been suggested that early menopause increases the risk of aging-macula disorder (AMD), the major cause of incurable blindness with a dry and wet late subtype, and that exposure to endogenous or postmenopausal exogenous estrogens reduces this risk. This study was undertaken to investigate whether genetic variations in the estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene are associated with incident...

STUDY QUESTION Is there any effect of genetic polymorphisms in adiposity-related genes on the timing of menarche and menopause and the total duration of menstruation among Korean women? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest that the adiposity-related genes LEP, LEPR and PPARγ may play a role in the onset and cessation of menstruation, and the total duration of menstruation. WHAT IS KNOWN AND W...

Present study aims to find out the prevalence of somatic symptoms and the factors influencing the onset of symptoms among the Bengali speaking Hindu menopausal women of Eastern India. A total number of 371 women (30-55 years) were selected as study participants and they were divided into two groups on the basis of their age of attainment of menopause. Results showed that barring the dizziness a...

Introduction The post reproductive life denotes the period in a woman’s life after she reaches menopause and is a period that brings about many physical as well as psychological changes. Menopause is a diagnosis usually made in retrospect by the absence of menstruation for more than one year. However, ovarian function is known to diminish by late 30s, resulting in complete failure by the early ...

Gender and cigarette smoking are among the most consistent predictors of bladder cancer risk. After adjustment for known risk factors, an excess risk remains for males, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the gender differences. Given limited data on hormonal or reproductive factors and bladder cancer risk, the authors examined these factors among women in the US Nurses' Health...

A woman's age at menarche (first menstrual period) and her age at menopause are the alpha and omega of her reproductive years. The timing of these milestones is critical for a woman's health trajectory over her lifespan, as they are indicators of ovarian function and aging. Both early and late timing of either event are associated with risk for adverse health and psychosocial outcomes. Thus, th...

BACKGROUND The majority of South African aging population are women, who spend late adulthood experiencing natural menopause. Despite the government spending billions of rand on different services for ageing women, menopausal challenges to African women still receive little attention. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of African women regarding natura...

The relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, family history of cancer, medical history, and reproductive factors and breast cancer was investigated in a population-based case-control study of French Canadians in Montreal. In this study, a total of 414 French-Canadian cases and 429 age- and language-matched population controls were interviewed. Ever-married women showed ...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to search the inner world of postmenopausal women in late-middle age who are facing senescence and live in small and medium-sized cities. METHODS The methods of the study were the investigation and classification of answers to questions according to a declarative ethnography analysis. The questions asked to late-middle-aged women living in small and med...

Breast cancer is the leading women's cancer worldwide. However, there are geographical considerable differences with high rates of disease in North America and North Europe and relatively low rates in Africa and Asia. This article reviews the effects of reproductive factors on risk of breast cancer: early menarche, nulliparity or late age at first birth, late menopause, as well as hormonal fact...