For melting simulation, solid-liquid coupling, liquid-gas interaction, bubble/foam generation, etc., many new methods have been emerging in recent years in computer graphics. To further push advance the technical frontier of the aforementioned phenomena, our novel solution is to focus on an efficient heatbased method towards faithful simulation of physical procedures pertinent to phase transiti...

A new type of district energy network capable of providing simultaneously heating and cooling is being investigated. It is based on the use of CO2 as a heat transfer fluid by taking advantage of the latent heat of vaporization, to store and transfer heat across the network. The goal of the present study is to determine the performance of a CO2 network when applied to a real urban area. It focus...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cryogen sprays are used for cooling human skin during various laser treatments. Since characteristics of such sprays have not been completely understood, the optimal atomizing nozzle design and operating conditions for cooling human skin remain to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two commercial cryogenic spray nozzles are characterized by imaging the sprays and th...

The work described in this paper presents a set of experimental tests carried out Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter (CACC) order to study the evaporation rate 250 ml-‘batch’ n-heptane and methanol poured into an insulated 0.10 × 0.04 m3 steel pan exposed two ‘nominal’ irradiation levels 25 50 kW/m2. A low oxygen concentration is imposed during CACC tests. intent provide data for assessment...

A three-parameter cubic equation of state has been proposed for predicting PVT of pure refrigerantssuch as R236ea, R236fa, R245fa, R245ca, R218, R227ea, and R717, from freezing point up to critical pointtemperature and pressures up 650 atm. We explore the theory of the equation of state from the view pointof Ihm–Song–Mason (ISM) equation of state, which has been derived on the basis of statisti...

A computational heat and mass transfer model of ceramic precursor solution containing droplets injected into a combustion flame is presented. Upon heat-up and vaporization, the precursor in droplets precipitate and ultimately form the ceramic material. Temperature and solute concentration distributions were computed to estimate the precipitation zones within droplets based on a simple homogeneo...

Energy shortage and environmental problems are two dominant subjects. The diesel engine is well-known for its high thermal efficiency but severe emission problems. For the urgent fossil fuel resources, substantial surrogate fuel, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) attracting attention oxygen content. Its application in engines has won increasing focus. However, it difficult to directly with DMC due low c...