The stack in various forms[1] has been widely used as an architectural template for networking systems. Recently the stack has been subject to criticism for a lack of flexibility. However, when it comes right down to it nobody has offered a truly compelling alternative. Various “cross-layer” optimizations have been proposed, but these optimizations are frequently hacks to achieve a particular g...

Software engineers often espouse the importance of using abstraction and encapsulation in developing software components. They advocate the \layering" of new components on top of existing components, using only information about the functionality and interfaces provided by the existing components. This layering approach is in contrast to a \direct implementation" of new components, utilizing un...

Objective. Maxillary anterior spacing is a common aesthetic complaint of patients. Midline diastema has a multifactorial etiology such as labial frenulum, microdontia, mesiodens, peg-shaped lateral incisors, agenesis, cysts, habits such as finger sucking, tongue thrusting, or lip sucking, dental malformations, genetics, proclinations, dental-skeletal discrepancies, and imperfect coalescence of ...

We have recently proposed @Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 166101 ~2001!# that any isotropic fluid should exhibit surface layering at its liquid–vapor interface above the triple temperature provided that the system has a low triple temperature. In this article we present an extensive study of systems with different isotropic pair interactions, some of which present a very low triple temperature. We have c...

PURPOSE Fracture of the veneering material of zirconia restorations frequently occurs in clinical situations. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture strengths of zirconia crowns veneered with various ceramic materials by various techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 1.2 mm, 360° chamfer preparation and occlusal reduction of 2 mm were performed on a first mandibular molar...

The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and the CT images in 23 cases of chronic subdural hematomas (SDHs). The concentrations of t-PA and PAI-1 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chronic SDHs were divided into five groups according ...

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate air layering, cutting, and grafting, with different indolebutyric acid (IBA) rates, for the vegetative propagation Eugenia involucrata. Air layering carried out two consecutive years five IBA rates. Cutting tested woody herbaceous cuttings, using four in three seasons. grafting methods – cleft graft splice were For trials experimental designs ...

Complex fluids that exhibit phenomena such as layering and separation of multiple phases are computationally expensive to model using conventional numerical integration of partial differential equations. Lattice gas approaches are significantly cheaper to simulate and can still reveal good insights into the essential behaviours. We describe simulations of multi-phase layering in a lattice gas b...

Defects in the layering of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films can be eliminated by depositing from the appropriate monolayer phase at the air-water interface. LB films deposited from the hexagonal phase of cadmium arachidate (CdA2) at pH 7 spontaneously transform into the bulk soap structure, a centrosymmetric bilayer with an orthorhombic herringbone packing. A large wavelength folding mechanism acce...

This article presents an overview of the notion of layering in three types of structuralfunctional grammars. Layering is interpreted in a broad sense to refer to two types of linguistic differentiations: (1) on the one hand, a distinction between levels of coding, namely, syntax/grammar, semantics, pragmatics; (2) on the other hand, a differentiation between speaker-related vs. content-related ...