A methodology for downscaling solar irradiation from satellite-derived databases is described using R software. Different packages such as raster, parallel, solaR, gstat, sp and rasterVis are considered in this study for improving solar resource estimation in areas with complex topography, in which downscaling is a very useful tool for reducing inherent deviations in satellite-derived irradiati...

introduction: as the statistical time series are in short period and the meteorological station are not distributed well in mountainous area determining of climatic criteria are complex. therefore, in recent years interpolation methods for establishment of continuous climatic data have been considered. continuous daily maximum temperature data are a key factor for climate-crop modeling which is...

This article gives a brief overview of classical spatial statistics. Three main types of spatial data are considered: geostatistical data, lattice data, and spatial point patterns. Modeling themes common to all three data types are emphasized. In addition, some basic structural identification procedures for each data type are described. Finally, maximum likelihood estimation and spatial predict...

heavy metals are one of the most important and the best known pollutants that its entry into the environment causes to appear damages and different diseases. this study aimed to determine the amount of nickel concentration in soil and leaves of platanus orientalis, estimate and mapping it in rasht city area by using geostatistic method. to achieve these goals 126 samples of surface soil (0-30 c...

Through the monitoring network for cultivated land quality in county area, distribution and changing trend of the quality should be reflected. Besides, the quality of non-sampled locations should also be estimated with the data of sampling points. Due to the correlation among spatial samples, traditional methods such as simple random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling are ine...

Variograms are used to describe the spatial variability of environmental variables. In this study, the parameters that characterize the variogram are obtained from a variogram in a different but comparably polluted area. A procedure is presented for improving the variogram modelling when data become available from the area of interest. Interpolation is carried out by means of a Bayesian form of...

The interpolation of spatial data has been considered in many different forms. The various forms of kriging are among the best known in the earth sciences although techniques such as inverse distance weighting were and are in use for spatially located data. In the numerical analysis literature various forms of splines and more recently radial basis functions have been developed and used. Becaus...

This article presents an approach to the optimization of helical involute gears for geometrical feasibility, contact ratio, teeth sliding velocity, stresses and static transmission error (STE). The teeth shape is subject to random perturbations due to wear (a randomized Archard’s wear). The consequences of shape inaccuracies are statistically expressed as a 90% percentile of the STE variation, ...

This paper describes an algorithm to improve a computational cost for estimation using the Kriging method with a large number of sampling data. An improved formula to compute the weighting coefficient for Kriging estimation is proposed. The Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula is applied to solving an approximated simultaneous equation to determine a weighting coefficient. A profile of the matrix ...

A new methodology has been developed to design optimal monitoring network to estimate the transient pollution plume resulting from active pollution sources in a contaminated aquifer. An optimization algorithm is linked with geostatistical kriging model as well as a numerical simulation model. Simulated annealing is used as the optimization tool. The physical process in the aquifer, i.e., the fl...