The molluscicidal activity of Hammada scoparia leaf extracts and the principal alkaloids isolated from them (carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline) were tested against the mollusc gastropod, Galba truncatula, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Tunisia. The results indicated that the molluscicidal activity was correlated with the presence of alkaloids. A significant molluscicidal value, ...

The effects of humic acid and water hardness on acute cadmium toxicity and accumulation were determined, using Puntius gonionotus Bleeker. The toxicities were expressed as the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the 96-h LC50 value of cadmium was 2.30 mg/L. Three different types of water hardness were used: soft, moderately-hard and hard, with total hardness concentrations of 55, 113, and 22...

It is still not very clear what roles the various Ag species play in the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this study, we found that traditional exposure media result in uncontrollable but consistent physicochemical transformation of AgNPs, causing artifacts in determination of median lethal concentration (LC50) and hindering the identification of Ag species responsible for the acute...

Structureactivity relationships of nine thiophenes, 2,2': 5',2″-terthiophene (1), 2-chloro-4-[5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl]but-3-yn-1-yl acetate (2), 4-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)but-3-yne-1,2-diyl diacetate (3), 4-[5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl]but-3-yne-1,2-diyl diacetate (4), 4-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)-2-hydroxybut-3-yn-1-yl acetate (5), 2-hydroxy-4-[5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)thiophen-...

Most commercial household cleaning agents and personal care products contain the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) as the active compound. After their use they are discharged, theoretically after adequate wastewater treatment, into receiving waters finally reaching estuaries and coastal waters. Laboratory toxicity tests are useful tools in determining at which concentrati...

Sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) is still one of the most commonly used molluscicides in Japan ; since 1953, the major endemic areas of schistosomiasis have been treated with this compound twice a year, in spring and autumn when irrigation is stopped. It is therefore of interest to know whether resistance of the snail to the molluscicide appears in the areas. Some authors (Okabe, Okahara and O...

Static bioassays were carried out to find LC50 96hr value of cadmium to the fresh water fish. Cyprinus carpio. It was found to be 1.0 % .After the determination of LC50 96hr values, groups of 10 fishes were exposed to different sublethal concentrations of the metal for 30days to evaluate chronic toxicity. Liver was used to determine various biochemical constitutions such as total carbohydrates,...

Insecticidal and antifeedant activities of acetone extract of Casimiroa edulis (Rutaceae) leaf were screened against 4 instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Crude extract had LC50 value of 79.47μg/cm and SC50 of 88.97 μg/cm. Seven fractions were then collected from the extract by silica gel column chromatography (eluted by different solvent systems). Four of these fractions recorded percent s...

The present paper deals with the toxicity of fertilizer's industrial wastewater on snake head fish Channa striatus (Bloch) previously named as Ophiocephalus sp., at different concentrations viz., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent on the behavioural changes and mortality. The exposed fish showed hyperactivity viz., jumping, operculum movement, distance travelling, somersaulting at higher concentrat...