ATP and ergosterol were compared as indicators of fungal biomass associated with leaves decomposing in laboratory microcosms and streams. In all studies, the sporulation rates of the fungi colonizing leaves were also determined to compare patterns of fungal reproductive activity with patterns of mycelial growth. During leaf degradation, ATP concentrations exhibited significant, positive correla...

Leaves of oak trees are often infected by various pathogenic fungi. As it is difficult to remove such organisms quantitatively from the leaf surface and as it is often impossible to grow these organisms independently from their host, there are almost no molecular data available from these oak leaf specific pathogens. For the quantitative removal of the microorganisms a procedure was developed c...

Rusts are important pathogens of angiosperms and gymnosperms including cereal crops and forest trees. With respect to cereals, rust fungi are among the most important pathogens. Cereal rusts are heteroecious and macrocyclic requiring two taxonomically unrelated hosts to complete a five spore stage life cycle. Cereal rust fungi are highly variable for virulence and molecular polymorphism. Leaf r...

Many methods have been used to study phylloplane fungi, most of which have constraints and may result in biased results. This study used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate fungal abundance on the leaves of the most common mangrove trees in Hong Kong, Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum. Species richness was investigated using light microscopy and a lea...

Twenty three endophytic fungi from leaf, stem and root of 0cimum basilicum (Tulshi) were isolated and purified. One of the fungi (2L-5) isolated from the leaves was fermented in a large scale and extracted with ethyl acetate. The fungal extract was found to be active against two bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. From the ethyl acetate extract two steroids, ergosterol and cere...

Mutual relationship between endophytic fungi and some gramineuos plants is one of the recently known host-microbe interactions. Endophytic fungi are classified in class Ascomycetes, order Hypocreales, tribe Balansieae and mostly genus Neotyphodium. They are transferred into the progeny via maternal stock and have many benificial effects to their host plants, such as resistance to pests and dise...

Although fungi, bacteria, and specific bacterial taxa, such as the actinomycetes, have been studied extensively in various habitats, few studies have examined them simultaneously, especially on decomposing leaves in streams. In this study, sugar maple and white oak leaves were incubated in a stream in northeastern Ohio for 181 days during which samples were collected at regular intervals. Follo...

Overview Each year the commercial carrot crop in Wisconsin suffers losses from alternaria leaf blight, cercospora leaf spot, and aster yellows. The first two are diseases caused by fungi (Alternaria dauci and Cercospora carotae). The third is a disease caused by the aster yellows phytoplasma, a parasitic bacterium of carrot phloem tissue and also of the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilinea...

Efficacy of seven fungicides and seven plant extracts were evaluated against two pathogenic species of fungi isolated from Senna alata L. in vitro. The isolated fungi were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. and Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. Seven fungicides Acrobate MZ, Bavistin 50 WP, Indofil M-45, MC Sulphur 80 WP, Ridomil MZ Gold, Sulcox 50 WP and Tall 25 EC at 100, 200, 30...

Our study examines how the mutualism between Atta colombica leaf-cutting ants and their cultivated fungus is influenced by the presence of diverse foliar endophytic fungi (endophytes) at high densities in tropical leaf tissues. We conducted laboratory choice trials in which ant colonies chose between Cordia alliodora seedlings with high (E(high)) or low (E(low)) densities of endophytes. The E(h...