The present study aimed to examine the effect of proficiency on pragmatic comprehension speech acts, implicatures, and routines, as well way learners different levels employ strategies when comprehending a task. Thirty-three high-proficiency forty-one low-proficiency Chinese English completed multiple-choice discourse completion task (MDCT). Of participants, six were selected from two groups pe...

An evidence-based approach to professional development is described on the basis of the findings from a series of research syntheses and meta-analyses of adult learning methods and strategies. The approach, called PALS (Participatory Adult Learning Strategy), places major emphasis on both active learner involvement in all aspects of training opportunities and instructor/trainer-guided learner e...

This paper describes an ontology-based intelligent authoring tool. We focus on how task ontology helps the construction of learner modeling and teaching strategy modeling. Our goal is to provide the intelligent training system authors with a friendly and helpful guideline using task ontology, which enables them to build more powerful and flexible intelligent training systems. In the learner mod...

In an effort to individualize instruction and improve the effectiveness of instructor-learner transactions, education and instructional research has addressed a wide assortment of learner variables and assessed their relationships to instructional methods and environments. Frequently included in this research are analyses of how information is obtained and processed. Identified in the literatur...

The problem is to optimize the learning of a large German-English vocabulary. Four optimization strategies are proposed and evaluated experimentally. The first strategy involves presenting items in a random order and serves as a benchmark against which the others can be evaluated. The second strategy permits 5 to determine on each trial of the experiment which item is to be presented, thus plac...