In this position paper we suggest that Learning Analytics for Learners (LAL) requires new digital competences of learners. The use of Open Learner Models, Learning Analytics, and Visual Analytics creates new opportunities for learners, but our own research indicates that digital competence to take advantage of these opportunities needs to be extended to specifically address data literacy and us...

This study provides a detailed analysis of evaluation of English pronoun reference questions which are created automatically by machine. Pronoun reference questions are multiple choice questions that ask test takers to choose an antecedent of a target pronoun in a reading passage from four options. The evaluation was performed from two perspectives: the perspective of English teachers and that ...

over the recent years, the study of language learning strategies has received much attention worldwide in general, and in iran in particular. many scholars have tried to investigate the function of language learning strategies in efl learning and teaching. not enough attention, however, has been paid to language skills, especially speaking skill, in iran. therefore, the present study aimed at s...

This study compared the effect of information gap and opinion gap tasks on introvert and extrovert EFL learners’ speaking. Accordingly, 138 learners out of 180 intermediate learners were chosen through their scores on a sample Preliminary English Test (PET). These learners further responded to the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) which categorized them into introverts and extroverts. Altoget...

Knowing the subject matter of the training will not answer these questions. Choosing a training path that will be effective requires an understanding of the learning style of the student. Understanding learning styles benefits the learner, who can choose training paths that are most likely to succeed; the trainer, who can vary presentations to reach a diverse set of learners; and the training a...

This paper aims to compare the efficiency of print and electronic Learners’ dictionary in helping learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) discriminate closely related senses of words in dictionaries. Issues relating to the development of test instruments for capturing this efficiency are discussed. This includes matters pertaining to the selection of research and resource dictionaries, f...

the bulk of research within the interactionist framework seems to be consensually pointing to the beneficial effects of interaction in sla. however, few studies have investigated the role of training in providing and perceiving interactional feedback, especially among young learners. this study probed the effects of training prior to engagement in interaction in case of young learners acquiring...

Currently, the assessment of learners in conventional e-learning systems is only one dimension in which learners are required to produce answers, for example, by selecting multiple-choice, true/false, or matching answers or by giving short answers. This type of assessment still lacks interactions among the learners, and thus, it might not fully support learning. Many researchers have endeavored...

This paper studies Korean L2 English learners’ responses to negative polar questions (NPQs – i.e., yes-no questions), focusing on the differences between EFL learners (those learning as a foreign language in Korea) and ESL US residents). The first considers syntax semantics of NPQs, that may lead misinterpretations when are translated from one other. then describes series experiments comparing ...

with the help of a forward-chaining inference engine to find out about a specific item (object) of the domain of instruction. As the questioning process is bidirectional ("open" questions can be asked by the system as well as by the learner), DOLE is more targeted at advanced and adult learners than at young learners. The ultimate goal is to use the DOLE system concept as a part of a virtual co...