Traditionally, path selection within routing is formulated as a shortest optimization problem. The objective function for could be any one variety of parameters such number hops, delay, cost...etc. problem least cost delay constraint studied in this paper since very common requirement many multimedia applications and minimization captures the need todistribute network. So an iterative algorithm...

Water quality is a very important issue related to people health, but it is not usually considered in water distribution networks (WDNs) design. In this paper, new constraints such as free residual chlorine and the quality performance index are incorporated into the least cost design of water distribution networks. EPANET2 was applied for the hydraulic and quality analysis of water distributio...

Calculating the least-cost path (LCP) is a fundamental operation in raster-based geographic information systems (GIS). The LCP applied to raster cost surfaces, which it determines most cost-effective path. Increasing resolution results longer computation time obtain LCP. This paper proposes method for calculating using multi-resolution surface model enhance computational performance large-scale...

recently, in order to increase the efficiency of least squares method in numerical solution of ill-posed problems, the chain least squares method is presented in a recurrent process by babolian et al. despite the fact that the given method has many advantages in terms of accuracy and stability, it does not have any stopping criterion and has high computational cost. in this article, the attempt...

Summary Owing to the high cost of feed for poultry, there is continuous pressure formulate ‘least-cost’ diets that meet nutritional requirements. However, main aim any commercial enterprise usually maximize profits with resources or inputs available, and conventional historic tool least-cost ration formulation has limitations in a more demanding economic environment. The layer industry may expe...

Optimal routing of a path with constant width in two-dimensional grid cost-weighted square cells or pixels is recent extension the least-cost problem, and models solutions are available ready to be integrated into raster-based geographic information systems. In this article we consider yet another variation problem three-dimensional cubic voxels, which find tubular region voxels width, referred...