A programmable control system for the convective drying of lumber in chambers is developed, based on specially designed drying algorithm, which allows computing the set-point values for the temperature and the relative humidity of the heating and drying air as a function of the wood type, wood thickness and the current average value for the wood moisture content and wood temperature. The specia...

leather artifacts have organic and degradable structure and some historic samples have remained from different historical periods. studies of these scarce specimens have a great importance in the conservation procedure by which the structural study of leather artifact for understanding production process and used materials can be achieved. for this purpose a historic leather bottle has been stu...

On the other hand, if not correctly operated there is a potential risk involved using chromium for tanning in terms of toxicity relating to hexavalent chrome. Since leather is a component in many consumer articles, and unfortunately still by-products and waste is generated in the leather manufacturing process, it is an important responsibility of the leather industry to manage and fully control...

This paper attempts to examine the impact of major variables affecting export performance of leather goods from Pakistan using primary data source. The exporters from Punjab province were taken as the sampling frame as they share almost 90 percent of total leather exports from Pakistan. In Punjab, leather production and export facilities are primarily located in district Sialkot and Kasur. A re...

Hygiene properties of leather shoes, which has great influence on health and comfort, mainly contains air permeability, water vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, heat preservation and antimicrobial ability. The developing situation of test technology on hygiene properties of leather shoes is summarized. Natural leather has excellent hygiene properties for its collagen fibers, each hygiene prope...

In 2013, we raised suspicion that cobalt in leather could be responsible for hitherto unrecognized cases of allergic contact dermatitis. We saw a patient sensitized only to cobalt with clear long-term exposure to cobalt from a leather sofa, and observed resolution of dermatitis following avoidance (1). In 2014,we performed a questionnaire study, which showed a positive and significant associati...

The purpose of this article was to present a new drying method for agricultural products. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) has been applied for drying of agricultural materials due to several advantages such as energy saving, low cost equipment, low drying temperatures, and superior material quality. To evaluate this method, an EHD dryer based on solar (photovoltaic) energy was designed and fabricated...